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MRS    MARY  Me  ARTHUR/TUTTLE 


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WRITINGS   OF  MRS.  MARY  McARTHUR  TUTTLE 

International  Ties 1915 

Follow  the  Gleam 1911 

Types  of  Men  and  Women  (A  Study  in  Ideality)..  ..1907-8 

Autobiography  and  Correspondence  of  Gov.  Allen  Trimble; 
Published  by  the  Old  Northwest  Genealogical  Society, 
Columbus,  Ohio;  edited  by  Mary  McArthur  Tuttle 1907-8 

Life  of  William  Allen  Trimble,  U.    S.    Senator   and    Lieut.  - 

Colonel,  U.  S.  A. ..  ._1905 

First  Two    Chapters    in    "Crusade    Sketches    and    Family 

Records."     Jennings  &  Graham,  Cincinnati,    Ohio 1895 

The  Mother  of  an  Emperor.      Jennings    &    Pye,    Cincinnati, 

Ohio..  1898 

Historical  Chart  of  the  Schools  of  Painting.      Andrews  & 

Church,  Ithaca,  New  York 1892 

Correspondence  Addressed  to  Professor  and  Mrs.  Tuttle,  by 
people  of  distinction,  in  the  literary,  educational  and 
political  world;  edited  by  Mary  McArthur  Tuttle..  . .1910-11 

Six  Lectures  on  Color:— I.  Color  Theoretically  and  Practically 
Considered.  II.  Color  Applied  to  Interior  Decoration. 
III.  Color  Applied  to  Exterior  Decoration.  IV.  Color 
Applied  to  Pictorial  Art.  V.  Color  Applied  to  Indus 
trial  Art.  VI.  Color  Applied  to  Dress  and  Costume 1896 

Six  Articles  on  Artists  as  Exponents  of  Political  and  Re 
ligious  Thought.  Western  Christian  Advocate..  ..189 


Slnternatimtal  ultra 


BY 


MRS.  MARY  MCARTHUR  TUTTLE 


A  HISTORIC  NOVEL 


Chapter  1 
Chapter  11 
Chapter  111 
Chapter  IV 
Chapter  V      • 
Chapter  VI 
Chapter  VII 
Chapter  VIII 


CONTENTS: 

AMERICA 

FRANCE  AND  SOME  OF  HER  PEOPLE 
GERMANY 

ENGLAND,  SCOTLAND,  IRELAND 

HOLLAND 

ITALY 

RUSSIA 

TURKEY  AND  THE  BALKANS 


THB    CKAM 


COPYRIGHTED  1915 
BY 

MRS.  MARY  Me  ARTHUR  TUTTLE 


* 


PREFACE 

|E  HAVE  adopted  this  form  of  a  historic 
novel,  or  narrative,  for  the  purpose  of 
conveying  information  based  on  study 
and  observation  of  the  domestic,  social 
and  political  order  of  different  periods 
and  different  countries;  thus  at  the  same  time 
presenting  character  in  a  somewhat  concrete  form. 
The  scope  and  purpose  of  the  work  necessarily 
involves  the  references  we  have  made,  to  some 
eminent  writers,  whose  thoughts  stand  out  like  high 
rocks  in  the  ocean,  against  which  the  surging  billows 
ot  time  have  lashed  in  vain.  The  romance  and 
poetry  we  have  thrown  about  these  hard  facts,  like 
the  white  spray  of  a  fountain,  enliven  the  scenes; 
and  will,  we  hope,  cause  many  a  reader  to  reflect 
upon  the  important  and  interesting  theme  of 

International  Ties 

H.llsboro.  Highland  County.  Ohio,  April  1914. 


787* : 


/%r^**St'tsU>C&         A^*~^ 

JLS— 


'  ' 


i-   tlu-   rlm-t'    tiling    in    litY.      A    bonk.    tln-rrfore, 


Opinions  and  Impressions 


3649  VINEYARD  PLACE 

Cincinnati 
Dear  Mrs.  Tuttle: 

Your  familiarity  with  many  aspects  of  the   history  of  the 
Kuronean  nations,  together  with  vour  personal  reminiscences  of 


Personality    ia   the  chief   thing    in   life.      A   hook,   theref. 
which   is   primarily  concerned    witli   personalities   may    fittingly 
have.  a>  an  intn».luction.  an   interpretation  of  one  who  inter 
pret-  personality. 

Mary  McArthur  Thompson  Tnttle.  U  an  artist  and  a  writer. 
for  the  last  twenty-five  year-  has  illustrated  how  much  a 
woman  of  delicate  health  can  accomplish  hy  constant  in<ln- 
try  and  good  judgment.  The  resources  for  the  siihject-matter 
of  her  literary  and  art  pn.dn  .imd  in  study,  travel, 

enervation,  and,  mainly,  in  an  imaginative  mind.     To  enumer 
ate  the  titles  of  her  writings  and  the  subjects  of  her  pier 
would  caii>e  this  sketch  t<  ;   heyond  its  purpose.     James 

T.  White's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Biography.  Vol.  X.  gives 
all  details.  This  volume  also  includes  an  interesting  and  fitting 
article  concerning  Professor  llerhert  Tnttle,  L.  H.  D.,  her  hus 
band.  The  date  of  their  marriage  was  July  I'-th.  lv;~>.  The\ 
were  married  in  llillshoro.  Highland  County,  Ohio,  the  town 

in    which    Mrs.    Tuttle    was    horn    November    .~>th.    It 
\\"hen  studying  arl  in  Europe,  she  met  young  Herbert  Tuttle. 
then   Berlin  correspondent  for  the  London   Daily  Mr. 

Tuttle  was  a  native  of  Vermont,  a  graduate  of  the  Biflin- 
University,  and  had.  within  a  few  years  after  his  ..r;iduation. 
n    to  a   prominent   and    responsible   position    in    J<  nrnalism 
Later  he  be.-ame   Prote^nr  of   Modern  European   Hi 

•a-11  University.     Me  also  was  tin-  ;inihor  of  mes 

of  "The    History   of    Prussia."      Both 
his    judgments   and   interpretations    ivpresi-ut    the 

•itiful.  and  his  opinions  on  European  hist<  rj  ai  -igln 

for. 

Immediately  after  their  marriage,  IV«  Tut 

tle  went  to  Berlin,  where  they  resided  five 
center  many  cultured  pe.rple,  among  them  the  lit- 
of  the  <',ennan   capital,   were   numbered  heir    fri- 

During  tliis  pi-riod.  Mr>.  Tuttle  studied  art  in  Munich.  Wcimcr, 
Dresden,  B.erlin.  and  also  in  Florence. 


They  traveled  (luring-  their  short  vacations.  In  all  of  these 
years  she  ha-  pnr-ued  the  art  of  portraiture  and  landscape. 
In  her  widowhood,  for  Professor  Tuttle  died  in  is'.'l,  she  has 
painted  two  portraits  of  her  hushand,  and  these,  one  at  "Cor 
nell"  and  the  other  at  the  University  of  Vermont,  his  Alma 
Mater,  hoth  hearing  silent  testimony  of  love  and  devotion  to 
one  who  indeed  was  worthy  of  the  highest  and  the  best.  Her 
ability  in  portraiture  also  has  been  shown  in  the  picture  of 
her  mother,  Mrs.  Judge  Thompson,  as  well  in  those  of  others 
who  could  he  enumerated. 

Mrs  Tuttk  now  lives  with  her  sister,  Mrs.  Rives,  and  her 
brother,  Mr.  Thompson,  at  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  in  the  old  and 
interesting  home  built  by  their  grandfather,  the  late  Governor 
Allen  Trimble.  Her  summers  are  spent  in  her  "Apple  <  >rchanl 
Studio,"  Clifton  Springs,  New  York,  this  cottage  being  the 
gift  of  one  of  her  brothers. 

There  never  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  the  world  when 
high  ideals  in  literature  were  more  helpful  to  humanity  thar 
at  the  present  moment.  These  are  days  when  men  languish 
under  heavy  burdens  with  spirits  intolerably  depressed.  There 
fore,  we  are  glad  to  know  that  Mrs.  Tuttle's  book,  "Types  of 
Men  and  Women,  a  Study  in  Ideality,"  is  to  appear  in  a  second 
edition.  \Ye  also  hope  that  "International  Ties,"  so  ably  con 
ceived  and  written,  may  help  to  uplift  tin-  hearts  of  those  who 
no  longer  can  see  any  glimmer  of  joy  through 

"The  glare  of  the  conflict. 
The  cannon's  deep  roar." 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CIIAITKK   I. 

AMERICA 


I.  SIR  K 

II.  THK  COUNIY  01  KIN*.  WILLIAM   is  SUULLY  OUTDONE  TO 

DAY  HY  !  IANOVKK  COUNTY. 

III.  HE  STUDIED  THE  NATURE  OF  THE   INFLUENCES   Ul'ON    THK 

GREAT     MKN     WHO    GOVERNED    THE    NATION     AT     THAI 
TIME, 

IV.  A  NATURAL  LEADER. 

V.  OUR  KINSMAN  ADDISON. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

1  —  America. 


It   was   the   23rd   day   of   February,  17  —  ,  (for   readers   of 
romance  value  dates  sometimes  as  much  as  historians)  —  when 
Ann  Foster  looked  her  grandchild  in  the  face  and  pronounced 
her  opinion  that  "the  child  had  an  unusually  sensible  countcii- 
."      Sir  Roger,   the  grandfather.   a»umed   rather  a  stern 
eanor  as  he  bowed  over  the  tiny  creature,  as  much  a 
say:     "How    foolish   my  dear  wife  to  speak   of  an   infant's 
countenance,  but  then  it  is  just  like  a  woman!     And  a  \>: 
grandmother  that  you  are  !" 

"The  people,  of  Hanover  County,  are  today  very  elated  be 
cause  of  the  young  heir;  1  wonder  Leicester  does  n«t  hasten 
his  arrival  and  congratulations  from  that  side  of  the  hou-e. 
The  county  <»f  King  William  is  surely  outdone  today  by  Han 
over  t'<>unty.  The  Leicester  family  was  always  peculiar- 
only  my  brave  daughter-in-law  who  has  not.  1  am  glad  to 
say,  inherited  her  mother's  tendencies  in  this  respect.."  "I 
continued  Sir  Roger,  turning  a  significant  glance 
toward  the  room  where  the  young  mother  and  child  lay  em- 
:ed  in  all  manner  of  laces  and  linen  and  flannels,  "I  hope 
my  dear  daughter  i>  now  resting  jn  the  enchanting  scenes  ,,f 
Fairyland  where  she  deserves  to  be  after  giving  to  the  world 
a  splendid  b«  .\  Ah!  how  glad  I  am  our  heir  is  not  a  girl." 


"Ah!  there  comes  the  unfair  reflection,"  sighed  the  grand 
mother.  "It  is  really  sad  that  so  wise  a  man  as  you  should 
enter  into  this  false  sentiment." 

"In  the  sentiment  of  imagination  and  sensibility,  my  love, 
there  must  always  be  a  play  of  fancy.*  Think  of  the  evils  of 
society  even  in  this  primitive  life.  A  man  can  stand  all  this 
better  than  a  woman." 

"Don't  talk  so  loud — they  will  hear  us,"  said  the  gentle-hearted 
wife.  "ThS  influence  upon  a  girl  of  good  example,  of  high 
morals  and  religion — even  the  influence  of  race  is  as  percepti 
ble  as  upon  a  boy." 

"What  has  become  of  your  son-in-law,"  said  Sir  Roger, 
looking  around  the  house,  "I  cannot  seem  to  find  him." 

"He  has  gone  off,"  said  the  nurse,  "for  a  short  time." 

juiet  down."  >aid  Ann  Foster  to  her  restless  husband. 
"What  a  splendid  lire!  How  the  old  brass  and  brasset  we 
gave  the  children  reflect  upon  the  hearth.  Ah !  the  hearth 
stone — how  great  it  is !  The  home  now  glorious,  even  for  the 
poor,  where  the  humblest  industry  is  respected." 

"Yes;  it  is  a  potent  influence.  The  great  men  who  govern 
this  young  Nation  are  forming  the  ideal  character,  for  them 
selves,  and  for  the  Nation,  by  emphasizing  the  hearthstone. 
And  they  hold  truth  as  the  ideal  attainment  for  our  large  grow 
ing  families  of  young  people,  I  am  thankful  to  say." 

Ann  Foster  Tomases  was  a  woman  enriched  by  gifts  of 
the  mind,  a  lovely  companion  to  her  husband  in  this  primitive 
American  life.  One  would  not  dare  to  mention  in  this  twen 
tieth  century  how  many  children  they  had,  Sir  Roger  and 
Ann  Foster  Tomases. 

"I  can  but  wish  and  hope,"  she  said,  "that  our  kinsman 
Addison  would  come  to  America.  How  he  could  embellish  the 
ideas  which  prevail  in  this  country  in  his  beautiful  writings." 

"A  capital  thought,"  said  Sir  Roger,  "Our  daughters  need 
people  with  spirits  more  akin  to  their  own;  one  as  lovely  as 
a  Madonna  and  another  as  clever  as  a  Minerva,  while  Diana, 
is  justly  named,  my  dear  wife.  She  is  indeed  a  nymph  of 
the  forest.  Heigh  Oh !  Here  comes  Leicester — upon  my 
word,  with  our  son.  Do  you  suppose  he  had  to  go  and  fetch 
him?" 

The  eldest  son  of  Sir  Roger  had  married  the  eldest  daughter 

of   Thomas   Leicester,   while  one  of  the  Leicester  daughters 

married  a  younger  son  of  Sir   Roger.     The  oldest  son  of  Sir 

;<-r  had   reared,  as  the  old   Virginians  express  it,  a  large 

*The  Life  of  Society.    E.  W.  Brown.    1885.    G.  P.  Putnam  Sons;  by 


family.      Joseph,    (named    for    hi-    father),    and    France- 
Elizabeth  ar.  e  and   Leonard  and  John 

all  gn»\vn  t«»  manhood  and  \\« -manhood. 

One  day  soon  after  the  event  referred  to  at  the  opening  of 
this  chapter.  Th.>ma-    Leicester  and   Sir  Roger  were  walking 

•her  through  an    Indian   trail  in   the  great  primeval    f< 
Of  King  William  (  'otmty.     They  were  o  unpani.  .11— high  horn, 
well  hred.  talented,   spirited;  wide  awake  t«.  the  needs  of  the 
dav.      Leicester,    "a    -'|iiaiv    -et    man   and    hone-t  ;    hi-   eve-   an 
out'  -i  of  all  the  warmth   within,   -miled   with   his  lip-." 

"It  comes  to  he  a  (|iie-tion  involving  great  difficulties— what 
liig   families   can   do."   exclaimed    Leicester   to    Sir    R- 

"Fell  tree-"-  Navigate  streams?  (invern  e-tates-  lint  thi- 
local  limited  life — notwithstanding  the  fertile  s,,jl  and  mineral 
wealth  cannot  sustain  the  mind  of  young  ])coi)le  without  soci 
ety,  and  even  the  horse-back  rides  in  the  Potomac  Valley  are 
dangerou-.  mile--  that  Valley  receive  a  drainage.  Caravan- 
look  very  picturesque  emerging  from  the  dense  mountain  roads 
I  admit,  hut  if  the  pocket  has  to  be  filled  with  quinine,  as 
Frederick  the  Great  says,  it  changes  human  affair-  coii-ider- 
ably.  I  think  1  shall  write  to  a  cousin  who  has  settled  up  in 
Xew  England  and  inquire  as  to  what  they  purpose  doing  with 
their  young  people." 

"My  wife  thinks  she  has  a  solution  for  one  problem."  said 
Sir  Roger.     "You  know,  through  the  Cobbs.  >he  is  related  to 

the  Addis,  nix  ,,f  Kugland.  she  intends  to  write  to  John  Addi- 
s.  .11  to  bring  his  brother  the  poet  and  essayist  to  make  Us  a 
visit. 

Leicester  laughed  outright  at  the  idea.  "It  would  frighten 
those  Fnglish  literary  cubs  to  see  their  relatives  on  this  vide 
he  water— although  Joseph,  your  -on.  i-  a-  burly  a-  John 
Hull  him-elf.  Didn't  you  tell  me  he  weighs  two  hundred 
pounds  and  measures  six  feet  two  inches?'  What  activity  and 
strength  !" 

"Yes;  but  what  about  Joseph's  beautiful  wife'     I    venture 
to  say  she  would  fascinate  them  <<_>  that  they  would  turn  their 

away   from  Joseph-- and  the  sturdy  s.,iix  of  toil,  such  a- 
you  and  I  are." 

••Thanks,    your    bailor."    said    I  .    bowing.      "1    t- 

my  nHgin  to  Kings  ;ind  (*.  .urtiers  who-e  onl  |   the 

pursuit  of  pleasure.     Certificates.  Orders  and   LL.   15s.   I   cOfl- 
are  not   known   to   u-   -n..r   do   we   care    for  them.      But 
1    their   contempt.    s«»    I    beg   your    wife.    Ann 
ter  Toma-es.  not   [»  import  one  u  ho  i-   inex.irab! 
ing  in  matter-  of  dresx.  p, »tnre.  or  pronunciation." 


"Yuii  are  right."  >aid  Sir  Roger,  "we  are  too  unconven 
tional,  we  brought  with  us  the  very  U->t  thing  they  have,  a- 
some  Frenchman  says,  the  sound,  healthy,  vigorous  tradition-- 
of  British  liberty.  And  we  left  behind  us,  what  was  burden 
some  in  the  traditions  of  the  old  world,  the  oppressions,  the 
mutual  animosities  and  distrusts,  the  call  for  blood — all  this 
you  were  enabled  to  leave  behind  you  my  good  fellou." 

"That  may  be,  'but  by  common  consent  Virginia,  also  Xew 
England,  have  taken  on  the  English  forms  of  government  in 
the  most  distinctive  and  characteristic  lines/*  Xow  only  think 
of  it,  they  say  when  John  llurt«>n  dies,  his  estate  will  actually 
number  40,000  acres,  and  of  course  it  will  be  entailed." 

"Well!  These  Old  Dominion  lands  were  granted  to  u>  a^ 
individuals,  because  of  the  tobacco  intere>ts.  You  mark  my 
word,"  said  Sir  Roger,  "some  red-headed,  hot-blooded  man 
will  spring  from  this  soil  and  put  an  end  to  entailment." 

"Xonsense!"  said  Leicester,  "as  long  as  I  have  my  own 
private  wharf  where  a  ship  from  England  can  unload  its  cargo 
of  tools,  cloth  and  furniture,  and  take  on  a  load  of  tobacco 
in  return*  I'll  not  worry,  nor  indulge  in  speculations  for  the 
future." 

"When  my  aunt  Martha  Taylor  died,  aged  83,  her  father. 
William  Thompson,  of  the  English  Army.  16/8.  said  James 
Taylor,  of  Glouster,  whose  son  Col.  James  Taylor,  of  Orange 
County,  Martha  Hobbs  had  married — 'Presidents  will  come 
of  you/  and  sure  enough  they  were  the  ancestors  of  Madison. 
I  was  then  living  at  Blackwell  Neck,  Hanover  County.  There 
was  then  no  town  life  in  Virginia,  but  the  demand  was  great, 
and  still  is,  for  cheap  labor,  and  this  has  been  supplied  partly, 
as  you  know,  by  bringing  Negro  slaves  from  Africa;  partly 
bringing  the  laboring  classes  from  England. 

"I  believe  the  people  who  are  settling  Xew  England  in  a 
large  measure  'know  political  liberty  is  far  safer  in  Xew  Eng 
land.  A  democratic  type  is  developing  there,  while  here  an 
aristocratic  and  insurmountable  distinction  exists.'*  (  hir 
towns  are  growing  very  -low.  \\hile  theirs  are  fast  develop 
ing." 


*Prof.  John  Fiske — Civil  (iovcrnmcnt  in  the  United  States.     Hough- 
ton,  Miftlin  (."(>.:   by  permission. 

*Prof.  John  Fiske — Civil  Government  in  the  United  States      lioiigh- 
Mifrtin  i<». ;  by  permission. 

Vivil    ( i<>\  ernnu-nt    in    the    United    States.      Fi>kr.      I  I-  •  nuhtdn.    Mif- 
flin  < 


:   I  have  hcaid  you  talk  thi>  : 

it  go!     What  ha\  uth  it  all  a-  1-  <"£  ;i^  w^  are  p' 

perous  and  rearing  large  fami'/ 

"But  I  insist  upon  it.     I  «lo  net  wonder  that  ynung  nu-n 
John  arc  always  referring  to  the  town  in-  D    \\'w 

land.      Here   our    \estry,  coinju'-cd    of    twelve    i; 
the  chief  authority.     Tiii>   i-   representative  (iovernn; 
know,  hut  up  there  it  IS  government  hy  a  primary  assembly." 

"Certainly."  -aid  his  comi)anion.  "hut  you  mark  my  word- 
thc  ..ill  turn  to  Virginia  for  consummate  lead' 

"And  to  New  England,  for  intelligent  people  at  large,"  said 
Roger. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  II. 

FRANCE  AND  SOME  OF  HER  PEOPLE 

I.  THE  LIFE  OF  SOCIETY — THAT,  YOU  CERTAINLY  ARE. 

II.  WHAT  INFLUENCED  THESE  PEOPLE  OF  INTELLECT,  IMAGINA 

TION,  REFLECTION  AND  OBSERVATION,  TO  LEAVE  THEIR 

CHATEAU  LAND? 

III.  A    FRIENDSHIP     WITHOUT     HYPOCRISY,     BETWEEN      MON- 

SIEUR  CHAUTEAUBRIANT  AND  CHARLES  DE  PRATTK, 
MARQUIS,  COLONEL  IN  THE  FRENCH  ARMY;  CHEV 
ALIER  OF  THE  ORDER  DE  ST.  Louis. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  II — France  and  Some  of  Her  People. 

Just  twenty  years  later  than  when  our  story  began,  also  in 
Virginia,  one  of  the  transmountain  counties,  some  French  peo 
ple  settled,  progressive  in  their  ideas  and  purposes,  and,  ac 
cording  to  the  French  character,  they  were  students;  the 
younger  among  them  passed  through  scholastic  training  it  is 
said,  in  distant  States,  whilst  those  who  remained  at  home 
employed  tutors.  One  of  these  French  tutors  was  filled  with 
enthusiasm  over  the  new  country,  its  fine  climate,  its  scenery — 
indeed  he  wrote  back  to  his  home:  "It  is  almost  as  perfect 
as  beautiful  France.'  He  was  filled  with  sympathy  for  the 
popular  rights  against  privilege  and  patronage  demonstrated 
in  young  America;  and  he  urged  his  friends  to  take  the  voy 
age  and  experience  these  facts  for  themselves.  Especially  did 
he  urge  one  of  his  former  pupils  who  allowed  him  the  honor 
of  writing  to  her  occasionally — Elise  de  Languelot.  She  re 
lated  these  matters  to  the  Marquis  Charles  de  Pratte,  Colonel 
in  the  French  Army,  Chevalier  of  the  Order  de  St.  Louis. 

"You  know,"  said  she,  "you  may  not  believe  as  he  does,  but 
then  I  feel  sure  you  would"  not  break  the  lance  with  him  over 
his  the»'  "ii  if  you  think  they  are  wanting  in  common 


"The  French."  said  tlu-  Marquis,  "arc-  incapable  •  ler- 

ing  dan^vr   .ii-pa--i« -uately    even    tin-    Parliamentarians 

full  of  ardor  and  tiro  when  action  IN  in  que-tioii.      Y<>n  must 
admit  th<  -nany  dangers  attending  a  vo\age  to  Amend, 

and  al-o  in  the  life  people  lead  there."     He  -aid  this  more  to 
e  the  tire  in  her  eyes  than  for  any  direct  reason. 

"1    do  not    set,"   -he   exclaimed,   "how   to  hreak   auay    from 

SO   much    routine  and    -clli-h   conceit   and   delu-i<  n.   AS   OHC   en- 

dters  here;  how  it     would  IK-  dangerou-  to  hn-ak  away  and 

.go  to  America."      The   da-h   of    tire   in    her   eyes    W*S    indeed 

beautiful  and  almost  dangerous  at  that  moment. 

"When  do  you  all  purpose  starting?"  inquired  the  Mar 
quis,  in  non-chalance  manner.  as  if  it  did  not  eoiuvrn  him  in 
the  I 

"lu-t  a-  BOOH,'1  -aid  Fli-e.  "as  Monsieur  Chanteaubriant 
and"  his  family  can  dispose  of  their  Chauteau.  He  expects 
v«>u  know  to  go  to  the  western  waterways  with  some  of  the 
French  explorers.  They  predict  that  some  day  in  the  near 
future  citie-  will  grow  up  on  the  sites  of  the  French  fort-." 

"What    deluded    souls    they    are,"    exclaimed    Charles    DC 
Tratte.     "You  French   Protestants  have  tried  now   four  time- 
i  your  rights.  a<  you  term  them." 

"Will   Mon>ieur  pa>s  that  subject  by?     It  i>  11. -t   agreeable 

to  me.     Monsieur  Chauteauhriant  will  examine  and  report  •  »n 

the  physical  conditions  of  the  country,  and   Ro-alie.  his  lovely 

\\ife.   my   lx.-om    friend,   will  aid  him.      Monsieur  Robert-   a- 

an  officer,  will  follow  the  military  there  as  here,  and  his  wife. 

BO  spk-ndid  a    Huguenot,  with  her  young  family,   will   settle. 

she  tells  me.  in   Maryland,  near  some  relatives  of  theirs  who 

have  been  in  America  for  vear->.     (  )f  course  Madame  Le  Rob- 

\\ill  establish  her  strength  of  character  there,  as  she  has 

in  beautiful    France." 

"Continue!"  said  the  Manjuis.  "Thi-  is  all  right  for  Chev 
alier  De  Chauteauhriant — to  join  the  French  Colonist-  or  to 
join  Dr.  Antoine  Francnixe  and  purchase  lands  whilst  he 
studies  conditions  in  (  )hio.  The-e  people  yon  mention,  your 
friend-,  are  people  of  line  minds,  clear  opinions,  and  -trong 
will-,  and  can  report  that  which  is  useful,  hut  what  bitterne--. 
Ah!  what  sadne-.  do  I  experience  when  I  see  you  are  really 
about  to  attach  yourself  to  a  set  of  adventurers —bound  for 
-reign  port — you  dashing,  splendid,  clever  woman;  of  high 
lineage;  proud  nature;  austere,  even — a  belle!  a  beauty!  Ah! 
what  can  \  ou  do  in  a  wilderness'  Horrible!  Die  of  ennui  I 
suppose.  \o'  Y»>u  -hall  not  go.  I  vow!  You  shall  not 


She  rose  and  fixed  her  swimming  eyes  upon  him. 

"And  dwelt  a  moment  on  his  kindly  face; 
Then  calling  down  a  blessing  on  his  head" 

She  remained  speechless  and  the  Marquis  was  silent.  There 
came  to  his  mind  the  reflection  that  up  to  this  time,  he  had 
lived  a  life  that  a  furnace  lives,  when  it  only  has  a  surface 
heat,  putting  fuel  on  all  the  while,  yet  there  was  something 
in  his  life  and  breath  that  choked  it  up.  The  woman  to  whom 
he  appealed,  Elise  Catherine  Langneclot,  was  the  life  of  soci 
ety  in  his  belief.  He  determined  then  and  there  that  she  should 
not  go  to  America. 

"You  are  altogether  too  ignorant,  Monsieur  le  Marquis,  of 
America.  You  call  it  a  wilderness.  That  is  simply  absurd." 

Without  apparently  paying  any  attention  to  what  she  said, 
he  continued:  "Say  thy  paternosters  in  thy  own  land.  What 
if  you  came  of  the  race  of  the  Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew, 
thy  notions  of  the  sanctity  of  thy  religion  are  simply  the  re 
sult  of  the  influence  of  habit  and  usage  of  the  race.  These 
may  still  tell  upon  thy  character  but  the  influence  of  a  sensi 
ble  man's  will,  must  also  tell,  and  I  say  you  shall  not  emigrate 
to  America." 

At  that  moment  Chauteaubriant's  card  was  handed  to  her 
on  a  silver  tray  by  the  servant. 

She  rose  and  said :  "Ah !  how  glad  I  am  to  see  you !  Be 
seated." 

The  Marquis  moved  uncomfortably  in  his  chair,  rose,  ex 
tended  a  cordial  hand-shake,  while  he  ventured  to  say:  "You 
come  with  news,  I  suppose,  for  our  friend?" 

"Yes,"  said  Chauteaubriant,  "We  have  sold  our  Chauteau, 
and  will  start — " 

"Spare  us!"  exclaimed  the  Marquis.  "Enthusiast!  You 
talk  as  if  you  believed  in  the  breaking  down  of  National  boun- 
deries,  even  to  the  surrendering  of  our  most  glorious  women 
to  foreign  countries.  Shame  on  such  Frenchmen." 

Chauteaubriant  laughed.  "You  will  admit,  I  suppose,  that 
America  is  sending  able  men  into  diplomatic  service.  Two 
very  representative  men  have  arrived  in  Paris  and  from  Mad 
rid  the  other  day.  One  comes  over  from  Holland  where  he 
has  been  engaged  in  negotiations  for  his  country.  The  wheels 
oi  young  America  are  everywhere  set  in  motion.  Do  you  not 
.suppose  that  for  such  women  as  our  friend  here  that  there 
a uait  rav->  of  glory  which  will  illuminate  her  pathway  in  the 
new  world  ami  transform  her  into  a  heroine?" 


"She  i-  that  alreu<ly."  -aid  the  Marqui-.  "Look  at  her 
proud  expression.  Slie  i>  destined  to  be  a  conqueror  in  her 
own  country.  Inevitable  conquests  await  her.  Although  she 
i-  religious  and  devotional  I  think  she  has  alway-  been  -kepti- 
cal  about  me.  I,  who  have  moods,  she  doe-  not  like,  and 

.  (  hauteaubriant.  that  at  time-  with  me  life  is  an  etVort. 
For  that  -he  has  no  toleration  for  -he  believe-  the  Kin^ 
of  God  is  already  come — is  within  us — and  the  Kingdom  of 
Heaven  is  to  her  almost  a  reality —Happy  woman!  She  has 
almost,  you  see,  attained  to  the  rest  of  mind  which  self-knowl 
edge  bring-." 

"Continue."  -aid  FJi-e.  "this  is  delightful  to  be  analyzed  and 
•d  by  one's  friend-." 

"You  are  getting  in   return  what   I   have  always  observed 
t  you — how  much  you  are  given  to  analyzing  other  peo 
ple.     You    can    divide    them,    simplify    them — like    compound 
substance-.      Now  you  see  the  Marquis  is  analyzing  you  and 
this   member  of   the    French    Academy   in    whom   you   feel   so 

interested.'1 

"Do  you  not  think.  Monsieur,"  said  she,  ''that  he  has  a 
heart  as  intensely  kind  as  ever  God  gave  His  creatures — this 
great  French  economist  ?" 

"Yes/1  -aid  Chauteaubriant,  "he  is  the  political  guide  of 
my  life.  There  is  no  other  man  just  like  him.  If  only  he 
would  go  to  America  with  our  party,  how  splendid  it  would 

"There!  See!"  cried  out  the  Marquis,  "trying  to  get  another 
important  person  out  of  France;  amazing  ingratitude,  Chau 
teaubriant — amazing !  If  you  all  will  give  up  this  foolish  project 
and  remain  in  France,  I  promise  to  help  you  in  all  your  un 
dertakings,  and  we  can  reap  a  harvest  of  gold  and  silver  in 
beautiful  France.  See  to  it!  See  to  it,  and  stop  this  wild 
adventure." 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  III. 
GERMANY 

"A     PACIFIC    COASTER." 

"Tin-:    LEVELING    TENDENCIES    OK    <;ROWIXG    REPUBLICANISM." 

TllK.  GENIUS  AM)  GREAT   PERFORMANCES  OF  THE  GERMANS   FK'i.M 

"Tun  GERMAN   STANDITNCKT." 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CH  M'TF.R  III — Germany. 

One  of  the  ablest  historians  of  general  history  claim-  that 
three  years  after  the  death  of  Frederick  the  Great  "the  age  of 
the  people"  \va>  inhered  in.* 

The  reader  will  remember  that  the  Americans  and  French 
whum  we  have  so  far  considered  lived  more  or  less  between 
171()  and  1800 — that  is  the  French  Revolution  was  over.  Fred 
erick  of  Prussia  had  died  "the  enlightened  despot"  as  another 
historian  calls  him,  while  admitting  that  he  was  a  great  King 
who  dug  canals,  constructed  roads,  drained  marshes,  encour 
aged  agriculture  and  manufacturers  and  improved  in  every 
possible  way  the  administration  of  his  government.  "And  be 
yond  this,"  says  his  just  historian,  ''he  was  a  philosopher  and 
a  poet.  The  battles  of  Rossbach,  Leuthen,  and  Zorndorf  had 
made  all  Europe  acknowledge  that  he  was  one  of  the  greatest 
commanders  in  the  world."* 

When  William  Pitt  Lord  Chatham  held  the  key  to  the  sit 
uation  in  America,  Frederick  exclaimed:  ''England  ha-  at  la-t 
brought  forth  a  man," — so  we  see  what  type  of  man  a  ( ier- 
man  of  Frederick's  calibre  admired.  The  youthful  Major 
General  Wolfe  on  the  Heights  of  Quebec,  when  the  French 

*Prof.  VanXess  Myers— General  History,  Ginn  &  Co. :  by  permis 
sion. 

*Prof.  Herbert  Tuttle— Frederick,  the  Great.  Houghton,  Mifflin  Co.; 
by  permission. 


ii-ring   to   him.   another   man    who   called    forth    - 
which   awakened    Frederick's   admiration;   and    a    vic 


tory  which  -  to  the   KnglMi.        French  and   Indian 

uar   becoming   blended    with    the    Se\en    Year-'    war   of    i 
many;    France.    Austria   and    I\u--ia  by    Frederick— 

great  questions  were  being  -ettled.  Xorth  America  now  would 
belong  tn  the  I  'rote-taut  Ai  •  -n  race  an<l  not  to  tlie 

Catholic  Latin  race.  l'ru--ia  and  not  Austria  would  hence 
forth  he  leader  of  (  iermany.  Sile-ia  belonged  to  Frederick. 
The  Peace  of  I'ari-.  and  V  C  of  I  lubert-burg,  V 

signed. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  lnth  century  it  was  not   so  CUStom- 

ary    for   (iennans   to  travel   to  America,   although   many   and 

wi-e  ones  had  come  to  this  country  for  various  reasons, 

some  to  study  and  ob-erve  and  write  up  the  habit-  of  the  pen- 
pie  as  well  as  the  aspects  of  the  country.  Fven  a  cclehrated 
water  col<»ri-t  went  to  South  America  to  -tndy  scenes  and 
customs.  Ri-ceiitly  we  have  a  In  ink  written  by  a  <  lennaii.  who 
undertakes,  in  an  able  manner,  to  defend  America  and  her 
customs  and  characteristics  against  the  criticism  he  has  heard 
from  the  Knglisli  regarding  u<.  lie  says:  "The  disintegrating 

hitionary    wave   of   Internationalism   has   shaken   BOOM 
the  oldest  empires  t«>  their   foundation  and,  as  a  natural  re 
sult.  left  a  large  number  of  new  national  centers  consolidated 
and  claiming  today  a  world  recognition  generally  on  an  eco 
nomic  ba>i-. 

This  writer  further  remarks,  in  his  comments  on  America: 
"The  American  derives  a  greater  pleasure  from  his  \ 
than  anything  eNe.  Whether  the  thing  he  is  bu-v  with  i-  a 
shoe--tring  manufactory  or  a  large  sus]K-nsi,-n  bridge,  his 
whole  soul  is  in  it;  and  to  all  appearances  lu-  i-  more  aglow 
with  interest  about  the  venture  it-elf  and  it-  success,  than 
about  the  money  it  bring-.  Yet  the  American  i-  accu-ed  of 
loving  • 

"It  i-  he  -aid.  "to  find  people  who  have  lived  in  the 

I'nited  State-  a  couple  of  year-  and  yet  are  truer,  better,  and 
more    genuine    American-,    than    other-    who-e    ancestry    : 
back   for  tuice  a-  many  generation-. 

(Another   <  ierm;m    spoke   a-    follow-   to   his    wife   upon    his 
return    from    his    travels.      "Ah.    (iertrude."    said    he.    "where 
error-  rise  they  come  in  battalion—  and  error-,  my  dear. 
not  confined  to  localities  and  places.      I   -hall  never  forget  one 

'ie  journeys    I    made   while   studying  America.      I    UK-' 
this  trip  to  California,  at  the  break  fa  -t  table,  a  very  talkative 
and   mo-t   entertaining  young   woman.      She   called    her-elf   'a 
I'acSfic  Coaster.1      A-  -he  li-uued  with  credulity  to  th- 


\>iatic  hunters  who  pur>ue  with  eagerness  the  traces  of 
tigers  and  'whose  courage  always  rises  with  the  occasion,'  I 
returned  the  compliment,  during  the  journey,  of  paying  strict 
attention  to  her  recitals.  Among  other  stories  she  related  one 
of  a  certain  gentleman  and  his  wife,  not  from  'Nob  Hill,'  she 
emphatically  observed,  but  from  a  less  important  suburb  some 
twenty  minutes  from  San  Francisco.  Their  home,  worth  rifty 
thousand  dollars,  with  luxuriant  plate,  flowers  and  fruits. 
'But  alas/  said  she,  'my  brother  wrote  me  to  leave  the  place  at 
once — why,  I  will  tell  you  later.' 

"Now  remember  she  was  relating  this  to  me,  a  perfect 
stranger.  I  was  shocked,  but  did  not  let  her  perceive  it.  She 
seemed  only  preoccupied  for  a  moment  in  arranging  in  a  more 
orderly  style  the  contents  of  her  Japanese  satchel,  into  which 
'on  starting,'  she  said,  'she  had  put  a  change  of  linen,  a  princess 
dress,  the  royal  game  of  Kings  and  Queens,  a  little  book  en 
titled  'A  Race  Around  the  World;'  a  jar  of  raspberry  pre 
serves;  a  can  of  biscuits — 'Ah,  dear!  There!'  said  she,  and 
slambed  it  together  once  or  twice  and  went  on  talking.  'I 
adore  my  mother.  I  wish  you  could  see  her,'  said  this  jolly 
girl.  'She  is  the  mother  of  eight  children;  we  never  kept  ser 
vants  or  domestics — only  once  we  tried  it  and  mother  took  a, 
girl  by  the  name  of  Ellen  Baxter.  She  wore  new  shoes  and 
trod  so  heavily  on  the  floor  mother  could  not  stand  the  noise. 
She  parted  her  hair  at  the  side  and  amused  herself  whistling 
all  day,  which  almost  distracted  father.  She  wras  the  exact 
height  of  Venus  of  Milo.  Ellen  Baxter  had  climbed  Pike's 
Peak  without  losing  her  breath,  so  she  told  us;  and  had  kept 
boarders  later  on  in  Colorado  for  seven  people,  which  ended 
in  giving  her  a  brain  fever  from  which  she  had  just  recovered. 
One  day  mother  said :  'Well  Ellen,  our  household  economics 
do  not  need  you  as  the  winter  approaches.  Your  idiosyncrasies 
and  ours  would  not  agree,  I  fear.' 

"  'What,  for  words,  are  you  trying  to  throw  at  me  ?'  cried 
the  girl,  getting  very  red  in  the  face.  'But  I  want  you  to  know 
you  can't  hurt  me  that  way.  Some  of  the  folks  who  boarded 
with  me  flung  worse  ones  at  me  sometimes.  But  la!  I'd  jist 

fo  on  the  same  as  if  I  was  still  climbing  Pike's  Peak.    But  la! 
f  you  don't  think  your  house  needs  a  cleaning  before  the 
winter  days  comes,  it's  nothen  to  me,  I  want  you  to  know.' 

"  'There,  stop,  Ellen,'  remonstrated  my  mother.  T  have 
all  my  life  been  a  diligent  housekeeper  and  know  full  well  that 
the  October  days  should  be  u>ed  for  having  rugs  and  carpets 
whipped  and  aired  in  the  MIII.  floors  repotfsned,  windows 

*Baron  von  Trrmluv     hi  Defence  of  America.  London,   by   permi- 

Stephen  Swift   \    <  .... 


washed,  etc.,  ••'..  l»nt   this  year    I    ! 

October  a  rest  aa  \\cll  aa  m\-clf.  and  ncithc: 

chen  l"  make  grape  jelly  nor  pumpkin  pic-,  n-r  apple  m.r 
quince  jam;  nur  to  dean  hotlM  in  an  I  fashion  but 

-it  down  at  my  piano  and  practice  -.me  line  mu-ic  ;  to  -it  in 
my  library  and  read  -ome  & »« .d  book-:  to  drive  out  in  the  MIII- 
sh'ine  and  let  \oveml)er  take  up  the  neglected  dutie-.' 

•••I"  :,••     all   line  talk.'   -aid   Kllen.   -till   standing  and  casting 
her  liar-.  n  every  thing  near  her.  'hut  i i"  you  don't 

he  sorry  that"  y«"»u  let  me  go  and  let  the  full  i 

by.   then    I'll   never  say  again   that   October  corn    i- 
the  sweetest  that  grow-.' 

"'Perhaps,1  -aid  my  mother.  Til  give  everything,  after  all, 
into  your  strong  hand-.  Kllen.  and  let  you  do  a-  vou  think 

best' 

Jure   enough,    it    v.a-    decided    that    year   that    'hard    w 
the  he-t  medicine  of  the   -oul.'   wa-  gi\en   inio    Klleu'-  h; 
Kather  took  on  a  -evere.  independent  attitude —the  economics 
of     the    household    unraveled,    'what    philosophy    could    not.' 
mother  >aid  ;  and  she  -miled   from  over  her  hook-  or  nodded 
approval  to  Kllen  a-  -lie  -at  at  her  piano  playing  an  etude  oi 
her  young  girlhood. 

"The  time  had  come.  I  -aw.  when  1  could  pack- 
up  my  satchel  and  start.  The  complexity  .if  life  he- 
fore  which  I  had  always  been  skeptical  and  powerle  — . 
scattered  like  a  shadow.  Kather  -aid  I  had  borne  the 
jarring  influences  of  a  big  family  well  indeed,  but  that 
I  needed  resolution  and  courage,  and  that  this  trip  would 
it  to  me.  You  see  I  am  just  winding  it  up  now  and  >  n 
my  way  home  again:  am  now  'a  travelled  young  woman.' 

"Alone,  dear  me!"     I   said  to  my-elf  a-  -he  bade  me  adieu. 
How  -he  did  while  away  the  tediou-  hour-.     I  threw  a-ide  my 
-..at    lined    with    the   tiger    skin,    (iertrude.    relic   of    A-ia 
and   said  to  my-elf.    '\Vhat   would  (iertrude  and  our  Herman 
women  -av  to  such  a  person?'       I  determined  to  follow  up  the 
subject   and   dot   down   in   my   book    some   conclusion- 
day   I  asked  her.  'And  what  will  you  probably  do  or  what  will 
do  after  all  thi-  travel?' 

Run  a   printing  press,'   -he  answered,    fa-t  and   -harp,  on 
my  (jue-tion.     'Not  the  great  new  machinery,  you  understand, 
v. hereby  you  can   hurt  your  fingers  or  injure  yourself  ]>': 
oallv — f)Ut   run   a   paper;  and    1    would   write  a   column   a   day 
un  ier  the  title.  'Kvil-  I  have  -ecu  under  the  Sun.'  ' 

"It  had  come  now  to  where-   I   had  to  l;,ugh  aloud.     It  was 
rich. 


"What  evils  pray.  have  you  seen  under  the  sun?" 

"Plenty  of  them.  You  dun't  .suppose  I  have  lived  in  that 
big  Western  world  up  to  the  edge  of  twenty-five  and  not  ob 
serve  how  much  is  to  be  bettered,  do  you?  When  women 
get  their  votes  they  will  edit  papers  and  expose  evils." 

1 '(  Vrtainly."  I   >aid.  "If  women  are  determined  to  compete 

with  men  1  suppo.-e  they  might  as  well  edit  papers.     Women 

will  have  much  bitterness  to  meet  which  their  home  life  now 

-belters   them    from.     Competition,    for  example.     You   know 

Gutenberg   had    scarcely    perfected    his    printing    pre^s    before 

his  creditor  Faust  snatched  bis  invention  and  made  it  his  own 

nve  f..r  wealth,  and  (iutenberg  died  in  poverty,  etc..  and 

•  goes,     Such  lias  been  the  experience  <»f  men;  and   1  a-k 

why   do   women    want   to  assume   such   business   and   political 

cares  when  the  consequences  will  be  more  than  they  can  bear?" 

"A  perfect  home  is  the  highest  achievement  for  women/' 
I  continued,  where  no  ruffian  or  unbeliever  in  domestic  and 
household  economics  need  appear  unless  he  delights  in  the 
laugh  of  a  child  and  enjoys  the  climbing  roses  or  likes  to  stir 
up  the  fire  on  the  hearth  stone.  The  miasm  of  the  morning 
with  its  cares  and  perplexities  will  alone  disappear  when  the 
husband  and  wife  consult  together  the  devious  ways  out  of  it. 
( )r  if.  as  it  often  occurs,  a  sister  presided  over  the  home  of 
a  bachelor  brother,  let  her  learn  not  to  attack  him  with  que-- 
tions  about  the  next  meal  while  he  eats  bis  breakfast;  let  her 
learn  to  be  diplomatic.  The  most  skeptical  bachelor  will  be 
recreated  if  the  temper  of  the  house  is  one  of  patience  and 
serenity  and  sunshine.  These  virtues  can  even  overthrow  mis 
creants.  An  Imperial  Chancellor  can  be  caused  to  lose  his 
balance  if  the  mail  hour  is  not  strictly  observed  in  silence. 
Women  should  not  speak  to  men  when  they  are  reading  letters 
or  their  newspaper.  *****" 

"Really,  Felix,  you  must  have  talked  the  girl  to  death!" 

"Famous!  \o.  (iertrude;  she  invited  me  to  visit  them  at 
Xob  Hill.  On  my  arrival,  the  father  and  she  met  me.  What 
do  you  think?  He  wa-  a  (',cnnan  !!! — enormously  rich  I  after 
ward  learned— had  struck  California  just  at  the  right  moment. 
His  wife  was  indeed  a  splendid  woman;  fine  housekeeper  and 
the  mother,  a-  the  daughter  had  told  me,  of  eight  children. 
They  entertained  for  me  and  came  near  persuading  me  to 
i  for  you  and  settle  in  America.  Hut  the  big  talk,  the  big 
figures,  and  the  big  areas  nauseated  me;  and  I  thought  of  our 
consolidated  country;  of  its  history;  its  art;  its  literature;  it-; 
nir-ic  and  of  my  home!  And  I  began  to  feel  that  although 
sc.me  of  the  exiles  of  'IS.  bad  attained  to  wealth  and  power  in 


politics,  yet   1  must  hasten  home  to  aid  in  Germany  the 
gressive  ideas  there  developing.     Nuw.  <!<  :  ude.  I   i 

told  you  all  I  have  to  tell  beyond  what  1   wrote.     Tell  me,  I 
pray  you.  all  that  has  transpired  beyond  \\hat  the  papers  and 
your   letters   c<  -in-eyed   to  inc.     As  an  editor.    I    like   to  be  in- 
.:ed  twice  over,  especially  about  polin 

"Well,  first  of  all,"  said  Gertrude.  "1   intend  to  give  a  big 
dinner  in  honor  of  your  return,  and  then  you  will  hear  politic-. 
1   sure   enough.     They   tell  me   it  gets   worse   in   the 
Reich > tag  every  day." 

"Good!"  said  Felix.  "There  never  was  anything  better  than 
a  big  (ierinan  dinner  party — glad  you  thought  of  it.  1  want  to 
hear  the  men  talk  who  conscientiously  hold  opinions  which  I 
can  legally  publish." 

"Ah  !  be  careful  Felix.  Instead  of  snatching  them,  they  may 
snatch  the  editor ;  but  we  will  go  tomorrow  and  sit  in  the  gal 
lery  and  listen." 

"That  reminds  me  to  tell  you  I  could  not  bear  to  hear  our 
King  misrepresented.  The  German  character  is  oftentimes 
•ected.  I  found,  because  of  the  indirectness  of  our  expres 
sions.  It  causes  an  element  of  misunderstanding  to  culmin 
ate  about  even  the  throne.  I  really  think  the  travelled  ( Ierinan 
is  the  very  best  fellow  in  the  world  at  large.  The  Americans 
I  found  count  our  country  great!  The  Reformation;  the 
press;  our  literature,  music.  They  seem  to  know  Luther,  Gut- 
tenberg;  I'.cethoven.  Goethe.  It  is  wonderful! 

The  folluwing  notes  were  made  by  Herr  Felix  von  Luebke 
for  his  paper,  while  he  and  his  wife  sat  in  the  gallery  of  the 
Reichstag  the  next  day: 

L is  a  master  of  parliamentary  law,  but  I  could  but 

wish  he  knew  more  of  International  Law.  There  will  come 
a  time  when  we  all  nni.st  understand  that  the  liible  >ays  "The 
Lord  has  a  controversy  with  the  Nations."  and  that  will  be 

shown  sooner  .  T  later.     L is  very  sarcastic — he  is  like 

others—  :  MSI  der  steN  verneint.     lie  really  doesn't  be- 

<    in  his  government  but  f. -r  the  ample  Hilary  it  affords  him. 

Some  day  he  will  probably  be  in  the  Judiciary,  but  now  he  is 

a   part  of  the  scheme.    .While  T i-   a   Liberal,   without 

hesitation.  He  holds  iVt.  however.  to  the  doctrine  "that  many 
other  (iermans  do  that  Nature  docs  not  command  man:  man 
is  the  ineaMire  of  all  things;  master-  Nature,  no;  by  obeying, 
but  by  prescribing  laws  to  h- 


The  dinner  party  at  Heir  von  Luebke  \\\^  in  readiness. 
Several  members  of  the  Reichstag  and  the  Landstag  had  ar 
rived  when  one  of  them  remarked  to  the  gnadig  Frau,  "I  can 
not  imagine  what  detains  your  husband  and  Herr  Kattlenberg. 
He  was  called  out  only  a  moment  ago." 

"Never  mind !"  said  another,  "it  only  gives  us  a  better  chance 
to  talk  this  fearless  and  unreconcilable  radicalism.  \Yhat 
would  Goethe  think  of  us.  To  sit  for  Frankfort-on-the-Main 
is  no  easy  matter  now-a-days." 

There  was  a  tremendous  stir  just  then  in  the  corridor!  The 
hostess  fainting !  Men  running  with  glasses  of  water  to  restore 
her!  Whispers  going  the  rounds  that  Herr  Luebke  had  been 
thrown  into  prison  because  of  some  utterances  in  his  paper 
contrary  to  the  Throne ! 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  IV. 
ENGLAND,  SCOTLAND,   IRELAND 


"(h'R     MEADOWS    IIAYK    A    1)1  Ki 

i-D  BRITISH  <  )M-M. 


\OR  ST.  CLAIR. 

TO  FACE  WITH  A  BRITISH  OFFICER. 

THEIR  STOUT  HEARTS  WERE  TAINT  AND  MARGARET  STOOD  < 

INC,  AT  AND  KXAMININC,  THE  HADC.KS  LOR  !  I  TIME 

IN   HER  SPLENDID  HALL  IN  SCOTLAND. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAI-TI-R  IV. — England,  Scotland.  Ireland. 

"There,  that  is  hettcr  on  this  cot,  here  in  the  sunlight  under 
the  great  forest  trees,  to  watch  the  flickering  of  the  birds  an  1 
the  bounding  of  a  deer  in  the  water,  but  I  miss  the  picturesque- 
ness  of  the  Mother  country  every  day  of  my  life,"  said  the 
old  retired  British  officer.  "Our  meadows  have  a  different 
glow,  and  the  ancient  buildings  take  on  a  charm  with  their 
ivys  and  mosses — but  then  who  would  imagine  that  I  care  for 
those  things  ?" 

"It  is  easy  to  understand  how  these  dense  forest-  and  rough 
roads  depress  an  Englishman.     Yet  you  know  your  country 
men  have  aluay>  claimed  that  they  wanted  not  what  they  al 
ready  have — but  new  lands,  fresh  opportunities,  religion-  I 
dom,  etc.     My  paternal  ancestor,  Governor  Bradford,   i:: 
whom,    as    of    course    you    know,    the    Pilgrim    Colony 
founded,  used  to  tell  me  the  Mayflower  people,  two  hundred 
and  six,  sailed  for  Virginia,  but  chance  carried  them  to  Massa 
chusetts.     Now  chance  has  brought  me  to  Virginia." 

"Well  that's  the  way  with  us  all."  -aid  the  old  >«»ldier  groan 
ing.  "Marcus  Aurdius  reasoned — if  it  be  that  the  gods  delib 
erate  over  the  ISStlCS  of  lift-  and  destiny  then  the  o>n<e<iuemv> 
und  coherence  of  thi-  deliberation  \\hidi  happens  unto  < 


of  us  in  particular,  we  are  bound  to  embrace  and  accept.  You 
see  the  good  heathen  only  used  gods,  where  we  have  the  holy 
revelation  of  saying  God" 

"You  must  not  talk  too  much — it  might  excite  the  fever 
again." 

"Never  mind  that,"  said  the  old  veteran. 

"\\  hat  was  that  that  stopped  me  from  telling  you  about  that 
beautiful  Golden  Wedding  I  attended  at  Kippington  Grange, 
just  before  I  sailed?  The  names  of  your  ancestors  are  in- 
.scribcd  in  the  Parish  Register.  There  are  now  five  young 
men  in  the  family  and  I  hope  to  get  my  sons  associated  with 
them.  Robert,  the  oldest,  wants  to  go  into  the  Church.  Jt 
a  beautiful  sight  when  the  Rev.  Canon  was  surrounded 
by  the  aged  couple  and  all  the  children  and  great-grandchildren. 
And  his  remarks  were  beautiful.  This  family  has  flourished 
as  the  palm  tree  and  grown  as  the  Cedar  of  Lebanon,'  the 
Canon  remarked.  Fifty-five  children,  he  said,  grand-children 
and  great-grand-children  have  accompanied  this  aged  pair  to 
the  altar  where  they  now  kneel,  thanking  God  for  their  good, 
sixty  years  of  happy  wedded  life.  It  was  stated  that  their 
relatives  in  America  have  twenty  children.  The  little  tots 
were  dressed  in  white  with  wreaths  of  forget-me-nots  on  their 
heads." 

"I  do  not  know/'  said  young  Burton,  "as  to  the  twenty  chil 
dren,  but  one  of  the  family  was  appointed  by  the  Governor 
of  Virginia,  in  early  days,  to  be  one  of  the  eight  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  You  know  each  county  had  a  number  of  justices,  and 
every  county  had  from  one  to  three  parishes.  The  county  was 
the  unit  of  representation  and  the  representation  sat  for  coun 
ties  in  the  Colonial  legislature."* 

"They  were  my  mother's  people,"  continued  he.  "She  was 
away  back  of  the  Cavalier  strain;  the  great  mass  from  Eng 
land  who  started  to  Virginia  tired  out  with  the  war  and  strife 
and  who  wanted  to  escape  the  Commonwealth." 

"That's  right,"  said  the  old  officer.  "You  are  perfectlyright. 
Do  you  know  there  were  many  of  them  royalists?  Dear  me,'' 
-aid  he.  groaning  aloud,  "the  beheading  of  Charles  I  was  an 
awful  tiling  in  our  history.  I  dare  not  think  of  it.  Oh!  Eng 
land!  What  a  varied  history!" 

"Ti-11  me  some  more  about  America.  Where  did  all  these 
people  here  in  Virginia,  who  count  themselves  more  aristo 
cratic  than  other-,  come  from' — the  Lees  and  I\undolphs.  the 


"Ci\il   Covrnimcnt  in  the   L'nitcd   States.     I-'isko.      Houghton.   Mirtlin 
tsion, 


Washington-.    Peu.iletoii-.    Mar-hall-.   "Rive-.    Madi-.i: 

I    lu-ar  enough   al>. .ut   them   to  :ne;  and 

yet  here  I  am.  being  entertained  in  the  graml  old  home  of  <>nr 
of  them." 

"I  cannot  tell  you  now.  hut  when  Virginia  delivered  a  deed 
through  Thomas  Jefferson  (1784)  by  which  she  ceded  to  tin* 
L'nited  States,  all  of  her  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  you 
remember  St.  ('lair,  the  Englishman,  was  made  Governor  of 
that  Northwest  territory,  and  many  of  the»e  families  went 
to  (  )hio.  I  know  more  about  them.  Some  of  them  liberated 
their  -lave-,  but  Sir  Roger,  the  progenitor,  of  whom  you  told 
:  here  in  York-hire,  and  married  a  I;rench  woman, 
who  v\a-  very  -uperior  intellectually." 

"Now  I  must  take  you  in  and  say  bood-bye.  Hope  to  come 
again  to  -re  you/1  -aid  the  young  handsome  officer. 

"Here   Sambo,  come  and  take  the  General   in;   I'm  afraid 
been  talking  too  much  and  he  must  not  stay  out  in  this 
mountain  air  any  longer.     It  i-  now  almo-t   four  o'clock." 

"I've  had  a  visit  from  a  young  American  officer  this  after- 
;  ."  -aid   Major  General   Walpole  to  his  host  and  ho-te--. 
"1  find  him  to  be  a  fine  fellow.     1   must  write  to  Robert,  my 
to  o  .me  over  and  bring  hi-  sister  with  him  that  the  Vir 
ginias  have  been  so  kind  to  their  poor  disabled  father.     I  want 
them   to   see   the   Country   that    William    Pitt    Lord    Chatham 
1    for   the   Anglo-Saxons.      Don't   you   agree   with   me?" 
said  he,  appealing  to  his  host. 

"Yes;  but  then  you  must  know  the  French  and  Indian  war- 
were  the  prelude  to  the  American  war  for  Independence  and 
that  look-  like  ingratitude  toward  Pitt." 

"Agreed!  P.ut  England  -hould  be  -ati-hed  with  (Juehec 
and  Canada  which  is  a  tremendously  big  area — thirtv-live  times 
as  big  as  the  I'.riti-h  I-le-.  they  tell  me." 

"Don't  you  suppose  England  will  grant  to  Canada  some 
day  in  the  future  -elf-government?  Cpper  and  Lo\\er  Can 
ada.  Xova  Scotia,  and  all  will  probably  unite."  remarked  hi* 
urbane  host  in  a  speculative  tone. 

"Wait  until  this  1X14  bu-ine--  is  through  with."  -aid  the 
old  General.  It  looks  like  the  tail  end  of  the  comet  to  me." 

Will  Riall's  Army  succeed,  do  you  think,  at  Kurt  Erie? 
They  say  the  p.>-t  fa  garri-oned  by  two  hundred  liriti-h  who 
will  likely  surrender  without  a  battle." 

"If  the  American-  advance  down  the  river  bank  in  the  direc 
tion  of  Chippeway  village  they  will  probably  meet  Riall." 

"And  Sc^tt.  Ripley  and  Je--up  are  all  gallant  lighter-." 


"Yes,  and  there  may  he  an  awful  haltle.  This  young  officer 
who  called  on  me  to. lay.  who  wa-  in  Virginia  to  see  his 
mother's  family,  belongs  to  that  division  of  the  Army  and 
has  gone  back,  by  command,  to  engage  in  this  very  conting 
ency." 

Not  longer  than  a  week  from  the  afternoon  that  the  young, 
hand-on  allani  .American  officer  was  talking  to  Major 

(  K-ncral  Walpole  in  the  mountain-  of  Virginia,  did  the  con- 
llict  awaited  at  I'hippeway  Lunday  Lane  begin — fought  at 
midnight — a  dark,  .stormy  night.  In  deadly  arrear  did  he  find 
himself  face  to  face  with  a  distinguished  British  officer  of 
Kiall's  Army,  who  had  looked  down  from  the  high  ground- 
in  sight  of  Niagara  Fall-,  only  a  short  time  before. 

In  November  Fort  Erie  wa-  evacuated — indeed  destroyed-- 
by  the  Americans,  who  went  into  winter  quarters  at  T.lack 
l\Cck  and  r.utYalo.  The  Royal  Army  of  live  thousand  had 
really  been  driven  from  the  field  of  action.  On  the  24th  of 
December,  1814,  the  Treaty  of  IVace  was  signed — The  Treat} 
of  Ghent,  (  Belgium  ). 

Mrs.  Madison  had  saved  the  original  draft  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence,  and  the  George  Washington  Stuart  por 
trait,  when  the  White  Ilou-e  \\a-  burning. 

Today  England  is  perpetuating  the  George  Washington 
English  home-tead.  and  we  hope  a  statue  of  William  Pitt  Lord 
Chatham  will  be  reared  by  the  united  efforts  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  people  and  placed  in  Washington.  D.  C. 

The  old  British  officer  is  dead,  but  he  had  the  right  of  it — 
Pitt  gave  the  key  to  the  situation  many  years  ago. 

The  gallant  and  brilliant  voting  American  officer  is  dead,  but 
he  loved  the  old  P.riti>h  Major-(  ieneral  and  married  his  daugh 
ter,  and  by  their  children  and  grandchildren,  the  mo-t  beautiful 
-cntiment-  regarding  International  Ties  has  been  entertained. 


SCOTLAND 

In  the  Me  of  I'.ute.  in  17"S.  Hugh  Mel  I  -  — .  of  the  Clan 
Tartan,  who  u-ed  the  wild  myrtle  in  his  coat  of  arms,  which 
bore  a  white  cross  on  a  purple  background  and  three  gold 
crowns  surrounded  by  red.  with  the  motto  "Fide  et  opera." 

married    Margaret    K ,   of   the  great   house  of   Argyle. 

Sept-   and   dependent-   were   entitled    to   u-e    the    Me!  I  — 
coat  of  arm-,  but  n.  we  are  told,  was  it  with  the  two 


uf  the  House  of  Argyle     i  >ne  uf  thc-c.  the 
Knight  of  the  darter,  told  of  the  great  Ma-ters  uf  th« 

-chold  and  ludiciaries  of  Scotland;  the  other  was  the 
Knight  of  the  Thistle. 

Accompanying    Hugh    McII and    his    bride,    was    his 

thcr,  ready  to  ^tart  with  them  to  America.  As  they  left 
Ahegavenny  in  Scotland,  their  stout  hearts  uere  faint,  and 
Margaret  stood  gazing  at  and  examining  the  badges  in  the 

hall  of  her   House,  hut  she  had  promised  her  y 
and  spirited  husband  to  settle  in  America  at  the  risk  of  fa 
and  possible  fortune,  certainly  of  much  that  was  dear  and  hon 
ored  and   picturesque  on   their  native  heath.      Indeed  the   red 
heather  which  was  now  fading  into  purple  as  they  drove 
over  the  moorland  to  reach  the  trains  which  would  carry  them 
to  their  ocean  steamer,  was  only  one  feature  of  the  landscape; 
the  beautiful  ruins  and  solid  castles  and  the  very  history  of 
Scotland  was  absorbing  their  minds.     As  they  hasten  to  par 
take  of  the  rich  rep  before  them  at  a  friend's  home, 
strawberries,   golden    butter,    rich    cream — Hugh    assured    his 
wife  that  in  the  country  to  which  they  were  going — Xew  York, 
Orange  County — she  should  have  three  times  as  large  a  dairy 
as  she  ever  beheld  in  Scotland. 

'And  what,  Hugh,  shall  we  feed  our  minds  upon?  Indian 
fights  and  the  plaintive  air  of  'Within  a  mile  of  Rdinboro 
town?'" 

"Cheer  up.  Bonny.     We  will  be  champions  of  right  ca' 
in  the  new  and  prosperous  country.    Noble  aims  will  be  our< !'' 

"Yes.  indeed."  said  their  friends,  "There  is  no  country 
the  world  so  liberal  to  women  as  America — we  only  wi>r. 
were  going  along." 

"And  as  to  the  Indians."  -poke  up  the  brother.  "I  expect  to 
take  great  pleasure  in  fighting  them  and  laying  out  important 
towns.     Perhaps  they  will  elect  me  to  Congress,  or  make  me 
;tdier-(  ieneral  in  the  Regular  Army." 

>nly  hear  him  talk,"  they  all  cried  out.  and  laughed  inor 
dinately. 

"Yes,  it  takes  John  to  see  the  bright 

"It's  a  good  thing  '  ^r  with  you.     Hugh  has  too  much 

sentiment  an  der  a  heart." 

"You  never  mind.  I  think"  said  Hugh,  "the  types  and  in 
stitutions  are  indeed  Mne.  Women  will,  in  the  future,  have 
equal  free  agenrv  there.  I  verily  believe,  with  men.  Hut  mav 
the  day  never  dawn  when  women's  fine  character,  striking 
through  men's  ,•  •  •  •  t  and  pure  and 


raising  their  thought  into  a  clearer  aim.  sphere  bee. -me  to  mean. 

'ill.    business-like    habits    or    pursuits.      Then    truly,"    said 

Hugh,   "the   famous  lines  of   Wordsworth   will  be  my   song: 

The  youth  who  daily  from  the  East  must  travel. 
Still   is   Nature'-    I'rie-t.   and  by  the  vision   splendid, 
N  on  his  way  attended. 
At  length  the  man  perceives  it  die  away 
And   fade  into  the   light  of  common   day.'  " 

"Well,  good   Margaret,   few  women  have  the  sweet  conver- 

-ation  Hugh  give-  you.     1  do  not  believe  you  will  die  of  ennui 

or  apathy  of  mind  or  despair.      Some   women   should  cry  out 

dieer  patli«»s  and  seek  revenge;  but  not  you  my  dear  cousin, 

not  yon."  -aid  her  aged  aunt. 


IRELAND 

lie  \\as  a  refined  Irish  gentleman,  and  his  aged  mother  a 
typical  Irish  lady,  who  had  ventured  their  destinies  in  the  new 
world.  Me  had  the  love  for  poetry  which  seems  embedded  in 
the  soul  of  Krin's  son-  and  daughters — for  they  are  full  of 
anl»r.  fancy  and  -ympathy  as  one  of  their  recent  writers  ad 
mits. 

About  the  time  Rngland  acknowledged  the  Independence  of 

the  Irish  Parliament,  the  father  of  this  young  Irish  gentleman 
died;  and  he  and  bis  widowed  mother  sailed  for  America,  with 
-ad  hearts,  slender  hopes,  and  only  a  few  precious  relics  put 
carefully  away  with  some  fine  Irish  damask  and  costly  cloth 
ing.  Among  these  relics  was  a  little  silver  scent  box  about 
one  inch  by  one-half  inch,  lined  with  gold.  On  the  outside 
engraven  on  the  lid.  was  the  famous  twisted  Celtic  pattern. 

"When  you  find  the  woman  of  your  heart,  my  son.  you  may 
pre-ent  her  with  this  precious  little  box.  It  has  been  handed 
down  from  Kings  and  (,'onrtier-.  Remember  to  tell  her,  'Xever 
did  any  race  receive  the  ( io^pel  with  more  ardent  enthusiasm 
than  the  Irish.'  " 

"And  I  will  <|iiote  to  her.  mother,  the  following  beautiful 
lines : 

'  AVe  have  wronged  no  ra.-e.  we  have  robbed  no  land, 
We  have  never  oppre»<ed  the  weak! 

\nd  thi-  in  the  fare  of   I  leaven  is  the  nobler 
Thing  to  .peak.'  " 


"That    is   truly   beautiful."   exclaimed   t'  »ld   mother, 

with  tears  in  her  e\ . 

"If  onlv  we  might  have  looked  f»>r\\unl  to  the  dise-tabli-h- 
mein  of  the  Iri-h  Church— a  mea-nre  which  surely  ought  t<» 
be  carried.  1  do  not  think  we  should  have  left  Ireland.  If 
t'lilv  we  could  have  been  a  free  Kpi-copal  Church  and  n<  >t  a 
State  institution  !"  -lulled  the  lovely  old  lady. 

"Never  mind,  dear  mother,  that  will  yet  come  to  ptSS,  Time 
brings  much  to  all  who  have  faith.  You  liked  the  VtTSC  I 
(jii«»ted  about  Ireland  by  an  Iri-h  poet  who  live-  in  America 
and  who-e  acquaintance  I  hope  to  make."  -aid  the  young  gen 
tleman,  "I'll  read  you  what  he  writes  about  America." 

"Where  did  you  get  that  little  volume?  Hound  in  morocco. 
I'll  warrant  you.  Ah  !  my  son,  let  us  forget  to  be  extravagant." 

"I  I  ear  now!  Hear  \\hat  he  -ays: 

•'  '(  ).  this  work.  Republic,  this  thy  health, 

To  prove  man'-  birthright  to  a  commonwealth; 

To  teach  the  people  to  be  strong  and  wi-e. 

'Till  armies,  nation-,  n.ibles.  n>yallie>. 

Are  laid  at   re-t  with  all  their  fears  and  hate-; 

'Till   Kurope's   thirteen   Monarchies  are   States, 

Without  a  barrier  and  without  a  throne, 

Of  one  grand  Federation  like  our  own.'  " 


Years  pas-ed  on.  The  young  Irish  gentleman  succeeded  in 
his  profession;  was  beloved  and  admired  by  all  who  knew 
him,  but  for  some  unsearchable  reason  the  father  of  the  wo 
man  with  whom  he  fell  in  love,  would  not  permit  his  daughter 
to  marry  him.  lie  had  money;  he  had  a  line  appearance;  he 
had  a  gentle  heart;  lie  had  love  of  religion  and  literature. 
Then  what  was  it.  my  friends0  I  cannot  tell  you — I  never 
knew.  Race'  Religion?  Prejudice?  Narrow-mindedn- 
(  >ther  ambitions,  probably,  for  his  daughter — that  was  all. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  V. 
HOLLAND 

IN  .    ol-    TI11XGS.      "KKKi-   THYSELF 

TO     T1IK     FIRST     BRAVE      \\1)     XAKKI)     APPREHENSION     OF 
THI 

TlIE     SKCOND     FOREIGN      MIMSTi-.R      KVMK     ACCREDITED     TO     Till-: 

UNITED  STATES,  CHEVALIER  VAX ,  WHO  DECLAKI  :> 

i.\  UONGKKSS.  "\YE  KNOW  BETTER  TO  SET  A  JUST  VALUB 

;  HIC  GREATNESS  oK   YOUR  DESIGN   AS  A   NATION   THAN 
OTHERS." 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  V — Holland '. 

The  ship  tossed  and  rocked  and  Van  Utrecht  wished  a 
thousand  times  over  that  he  had  never  left  his  peaceful  Hol 
land  and  his  fine  villa,  over  whose  doorway  was  carved  the 
words,  "Peace  and  Joy." 

"How  terrific  this  is!  How  horrible!  How  senseless  this 
struggle  in  the  waves  and  the  darkness  toward  unknown  and 
possibly  most  uninviting  conditions  in  the  New  World — New 
Amsterdam!" 

"Do  not  talk  this  aloud  to  others,"  said  a  friend  near  by; 
"do  not,  I  implore  you,  disparage  the  power  of  human  de 
termination  which  we  all  have  displayed." 

"That  is  good  advice,"  said  Chevalier  Van  B ,  "If 

Utrecht  is  remorseful  over  his  decision,  just  wait  until  the 
dangers  are  passed ;  and  he  finds  himself  surrounded  by  the 
good  and  enthusiastic  countrymen ;  all  his  inspirations  and 
fervent  resolutions  will  return." 

"There  is  not  enough  growth  with  us  at  home — that  vital 
process,  the  virtue  of  life,  growth  instead  of  stagnation." 

Days  were  consumed  in  conversation  amongst  these  intelli 
gent  men  and  women  about  old  ocean — saline  quality  of 
:iiic  water — a  physical  question — a  physical  question  in 
volved  in  obscurity,  they  admitted,  but  they  were  killing  time. 
The  vo\atfi-  was  indeed  tedious  and  di-tasteful  and  their  talk 
k  manv  n>rl('v>  and  erratic  turn-. 


"Let  u>  l»e  practical,  and  learn  s,  ,mething."  .sai.l  .Madam 
Van  Brugo.  "I "poii  what  do  these  variety  of  hues  the  ocean 
exhibits,  depend?  And  why  is  ultramarine  blue  the  true  color 
of  the  ocean  ?  Rembrandt  or  Rubens  or  even  the  Van  Eyke's 
could  doubtless  have  told  us." 

"Ah,  dear,"  cried  out  one  of  the  party;  a  high  born  man 
from  Rotterdam — "I  should  rather  hear  how  it  finally  came 
about  that  Adams  was  permitted  to  present  his  credentials  to 
the  Prince — and — " 

"You  know,"  said  Van  B ,  "the  Prince  answered  in 

such  a  low  and  indistinct  way  they  say,  that  the  American 
Minister  understood  only  the  statement  that  the  Stadt-holder 
had  put  no  difficulty  in  the  way  of  his  reception."* 

*The  Dutch  Republic  and  the  American  Revolution.  Dr.  Frederick 
Kdler.  The  John  Hopkins  University  Press;  by  permission. 

They  all  looked  at  one  another  and  smiled. 

"They'll  soon  get  the  loan  I  venture  to  say,"  remarked  the 
Chevalier  Van  B —  — .  thoughtfully.  "Well,  Adams  surely 
had  a  hard  time  of  it.  His  position  for  a  year  has  been  most 
undesirable.  That  we  must  all  admit,  and  he  is  a  proud  spir 
ited  Xew  Knglander,  I  understand." 

"Sometimes,"  continued  the  man  from  Rotterdam,  "I  wi>h 
I  had  informed  myself  about  several  things  before  I  under 
took  this  voyage.  I  am  homesick  already  for  the  Jardin  Bo- 
tanique  and  the  Grand  Pavilion  of  Harlam.  I  verily  hate  the 
sight  of  water;  even  our  canals  will  be  distasteful  to  me  in 
the  future." 

"Then  we  will  count  you  out  this  evening  when  Madam 
Bruges  talks  to  us  on  a  subject  upon  which  she  is  highly  in 
formed  and  instructs  others  in.  at  Leyden — Brock,  do  you 
hear?  You  are  left  out.  With  such  a  Jonah  on  board,  what 
can  we  do  but  throw  you  overboard:'" 

"Madam  Bruges  is  a  descendant  of  Rubens — did  you  know- 
that  ?  That  is  why  she  is  so  interested  in  color.  He  was  the 
greatest  colorist." 

"I  disagree  with  you;  Rembrandt  was  the  greatest!  Rubens 
wa-  great  1  admit." 

The  dining  room  was  well  lighted  that  evening  and  all  wh  > 
felt  able  li-tened  to  Madam  Bruges'  talk  about  the  \\a\e-  and 
tides  and  current*:  one  >«•  inconstant.  •  "va-i<>ned  by  the  wi 
the  other  BO  regular  and  periodic:  the  third,  the  result  of 

circumMan*  •  milling  great    rivers   in   the   >oa.      "I- 

there  anything  m<  -re  beautiful."  -he  a-k<-d.  "than  the  phosphor- 


nee  i»i"  tlic  t ,a-an  when  the  wave-  scintillate  and  the  bright 
green  sparks  exhibit  the  long  line  of  lire  Bashing  in  a  thousand 
direction-?  Why  and  how  these  are  caused  will  be  my  sub 
ject  tomorrow  evening;  also,  \Yliy  this  great  old  ocean  absorbs 
all  the  prismatic  colors  except  that  of  ultramarine  blue." 
'•(  )h,  dear!"  groaned  Jonah  from  Rotterdam,  "going  to  have 

it  again  tomorrow  evening.  Well  you  might  as  well  throw  me 
:>oard  at  once.  The  only  idea  I  have  received  in  what 
Madam  llruge*  ha-  said  is  that  people  are  like  the  wave-,  and 
and  current-:  -ome  of  them  incon-tant  ;  other-  stead  fa-: 
Of  regular  in  their  action-;  while  others  are  the  result  of  var 
ious  circumstance-,  tinted  by  every  gleam  of  sunshine  or  pass 
ing  cloud,  wind,  -hoal  and  sandbank.  As  you  will  not  barken 
to  my  message  you  can  throw  me  overboard  whenever  yon 
want*  to.  1  will  send  up  some  light  to  you  still,  although  ' 
may  be  a  dead  and  dismembered  relic,  there  will  still  be  gela- 
tinous  particle-  which  will  be  phosphore- 

"Stop  that  man  talking — he  will  surely  distract  me.  Here 
Chevalier  Van  B—  — ,  \ou  can  control  him.  can  you  not? 
The  le--  America  ha-  to  do  with  such  people  the  better  for 
her.  Throw  him  overboard.  1  in-i-t  upon  it!" 

"My  message  is  -imple  enough: — the  United  Provinces  will 
have  proved  them-elve-  the  benefactors  of  the  United  States — 
we  will  be  the  only  victim.-.  Mark  my  word." 

"I  count  myself  mo-t  happy  to  represent  our  illustrious  coun 
try  and  1  say  to  you  all.  right  here  in  mid  ocean,  as  we  are 
tossed  by  tlie-e  uncertain  wave.-,  scintillating  the  bright  green 
sparks— and  the  line  of  fire  Madam  l.ruges  referred  to — that 
when  I  speak  to  the  Congress — if  I  do — I  shall  tell  its  mem 
ber-  that  we  know  better  than  any  other  people  the  worth  of 
independence,  and  better  to  set  a  just  value  on  the  grcatiu--- 
of  their  design  a-  a  Nation  than  do  other-." 

"The  love  of  freedom  and  the  same  maxims  of  policy  will 
undoubtedly  enable  you  to  accomplish  much  with  them  in 
treaties  of  amity  and  commerce." 

"That  we  do  not  doubt"  said  all  his  friends,  enthusiastically. 
"Then  von  have  really  been  accredited  to  the  United  States, 
have  you?  Good !  Glad  to  hear  it." 

"I  am  like  the  prophet  Daniel — I  simply  implore  the  Powers 
that  be,  that  I  may  be  granted  TIME:  that  great  help  to  all 

sick  heart-;  to  uncertain  tniet-  ;  to  -ubtle  diplomacy  and  inter 
pretation-." 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  VI. 

ITALY 
"THE  SURVIVING  SON  OF  THE  DUKE  OF  URBINO,  MINGLED  WITH 

THE   T! 

"LET  us  GO  TO  AREZZO,  NOT  TO  ROME, 

TO   FERTILIZE   AREZZO,    NOT  TO   FLOOD   ROME." 

"WHATEVER    GREAT    THINGS    HAPPENED    IN    THE    WORLD    WERE 
KNOWN,   DISCUSSED   AND   ESTIMATED/' 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  VI — Italy. 

The  sun  shone  all  day  long  upon  the  people  who  wandered 
leisurely  about  the  street,  casting  deep  purple  shadows  again -t 
the  whitened  walls  of  the  dwellings.  Gleaming  out  from  the 
quaint  shop  windows,  was  filigree  gold,  or  precious  stones, 
or  exquisite  cameos  and  porcelain  reproductions  from  the  old 
masters.  Brilliant  black  eyed  Italian  girls,  dressed  in  v. 
waists  with  red  velvet  bodices  and  black  aprons  bordered  with 
deep  barbaric  colors,  light  blue  dresses  and  black  slippers,  com 
pleted  this  picturesqueness. 

With  the  usual  gracious  manner  of  the  Italian,  two  titled 
ladies  were  addressed  as  they  alighted  from  their  o-adi.  which 
bore  the  Coat  of  Arms  in  black  on  yellow  of  the  Me  !ici  fam 
ily — the  last  of  this  distinguished    family.     The-e  two  !.•• 
out  for  a  drive  through  the  streets  of  Florence  to  catch  the 
sunshine  on  a  March  day.     Giuliano  Caterina,  the  survr 
son  of  the  Duke  of   Urbino,  approached  the-e   la  tits.     This 
young  man   understood   how   to   make   him-elf   popular.      He 
mingled  with  the  throng,  and  wa  Me  to  not  only  those 

life  own   rank  but  to  all,  and  «k-e«N  of  onm-cl  and  benev 
olence  distinguished  him. 

""I  «.f   the   Me-lici   will  be  «M»en  this  aft 

said  Sijjnorina.  "and   >< >me  foreigners  will  bo  with  u-. 
will  you  not  ?" 


At  the  appointed  hour  Caierina  appeared  and.  af.  in  former 
years,  the  finest  thread-  of  policy  were  spun;  religious  move 
ments,  philosophical  studies,  poetry — all  had  their  chance 
in  these  beautiful  afternoons  afforded  by  the  Medici  ladies. 
Whatever  great  things  happened  in  the  world  were  talked  of. 
"Stirring  social  life  mingled  uninterruptedly  with  the  most 
serious  conversation.  Keen  critical  judgment  was  afterward 
exercised  by  the  public  of  Florence  upon  these  occasions."4 
The  public  was  indeed  clever  and  could  converse  about  Rienzi 
or  Savonarola;  and  they  knew  that  to  Germany  belongs  the 
Reformation;  to  France  the  Revolution,  and  to  Italy  the 
Renaissance.  The  transformation  of  the  mediaeval  into  the 
modern  world  was  indeed  active  in  Italy,  and  these  clever 
Italians  knew  that  Dante  as  a  forerunner  of  the  Renaissance 
should  never  have  been  exiled  from  Florence,  his  native  place. 

"I  make  the  pilgrimage  every  year  to  Ravenna,"  said  Giu- 
liano  Caterina,  "for  I  am  in  much  sympathy  with  the  revolt 
which  the  Renaissance  signified  against  provincial  narrow 
ness.  1  like  the  broad  Cosmopolitan  culture  which  it  stood 
for — narrowness  angers  me.  When  the  poet  said  to  his  wife, 
both  of  them  English,  by-the-\ 

'Let  us  go  to  Arezzo,  not  to  Rome — 
To  fertilize  Arezzo,  not  to  flood  Rome.' 
that  all  sounds  very  humble,  beautiful  and  benevolent!" 

"Yes"  said  the  German  woman  to  whom  he  was  talking, 
"but  consider  they  wanted  to  create  literature.  Great  things 
have  been  usually  worked  out  in  silence  and  solitude.  Think 
of  your  Michaelangeln  working  in  the  tombs  of  Medici,  while 
outside  the  streets  were  crowded  with  people  in  civil  war 
aim- 

"Certainly,"  said  Caterina.  "The  first  book  printed,  you 
will  recollect,  was  in  a  monastery,  overseen  by  a  Cardinal." 

"Yes,  and  our  Gutenberg  had  to  work  alone,  making  his 
own  press,  ink,  roller,  and  type — only  think  of  it !" 

"Have  you  seen  the  Aldine  Press  at  Venice?" 

"Do  you  know  I  am  so  glad  you  are  not  an  Austrian.  I 
like  the  Prussians  much  more.  You  know,  as  a  race,  we 
marry  early — twenty  is  old  enough.  It  is  said  we  are  brilliant, 
capricious,  enthusiastic,  natural.  That  we  love  children,  that 
the  nnbleman  is  on  a  familiar  footing  with  the  peasant,  that 
he  e<>mer-e>  with  the  people  in  a  different  manner  and  that 
the  latter,  far  from  being  hostile  to  their  nobility,  are  rather 
:'  it." 

"It  takes  the  genius  of  the  German  mind."  she  frankly  said, 
in  thoroughly  enjoy  Italy. 

*Tainr's    Italy.     Henry   Holt  &  Company,  publishers:   by  permission. 


INTERNATIONAL   TIES 

c  1  1  AFTER  VII. 
RUSSIA 

\v   \\n  r  \TKII  i)  i'o\\ 

••K.u  ii  ONE  IN  CENTI  u  Rr—  i  \  \\  i    n  \ 

LAND." 
"\Yi:    HKAR    SO    MIVH    THAT    1-     NCI     TRl'l,"    SHE    >\II>. 

IN   18'^  TSAR  \u  HOI.  AS  sn-i-Kisri)  TIM:  \Voki.n. 


"LET  THI:  DAY  OF  BATTLK,  WITH  A  TKMIM-ST  IN  Tin  THI: 

WHIRLWIND,    COMK     NO     MORK."    S  I  IK    SAID. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

C  HAITI  :R   \'II  — 


It  was  the  Eighteenth  Century  when  "the  wunl  went  forth 
that  a  new  and  untried  power  was  about  to  intrude  itself 
a    power  a   hundred   thousand   strong   from   the   de-ert>-—  that 
thirty-five  thousand  of  them,  although  defeated  at  Zorndorf. 
had  really  rested  on  the  Rhine.     Germany  wa^  alarmed,   i 
land    and    other    European    Nation-."*      The  deatli  of  Eliza 
beth   of    Russia   and    the   ascending   to   the    Throne   of    Peter 
the  Great,  had  helped  matter*;  immensely,  but  "one  mu-t  ad 
mit."    -aid    the    Ambassador.    "that    the    Slavonic    race,    v 
language,    in    its    variuiH   dial  •    in    Ru-Ma.    1'nland. 

Bulgaria,   1'..  .hernia  —  the  Sclavc.niane-.  arc-  greatly  tn  b 
from  many  aspect- 

"Ycf,"    >aid   the   \  ounger  man   who  was  also  a   student 
Ruxvian  History.  "I  little  thought  when  I  once  sat  in  the  twi 
light  of  a    Russian   village,  that  Count  Tolstoy's  theorie 
impracticable  did  they  >eem  at  the  time,  would  ever  'be  incor 
porated  literally  in  the  famou>  \  iborg  Manifesto/*  and  i 
the  support  of  man\   of  the  ablest  and  nio^t  dUtinguMied  rei>- 
re>entative-  of   Ru-Man  intellectual  culture." 

*Philip   VanN'i-ss    Myrrs  —  History,     (iinu   &   Co.;    \}\   pennissimi. 
:iiiMic  Srliiiylcr   Memoirs  and   Letters.     Cha*.  Scrihncr's  Son> 
permi 


Thi-  conversation  took  place  in  Vienna  and  in  the  presence 

Df  an   Austrian    Uarunc— . 

"Stop!"  she  said,  "right  there,  until  1  assure  myself  that  I 
am  correct  in  thinking  that  in  the  early  history  of  Russia,  when 
land  was  sold  the  serf  was  sold  with  it,  and  the  only  addi- 
.1  injustice  they  suffered  was  a  new   Master." 

"That  is  right."  said  the  younger  man.  "When  Alexander 
II  emancipated  the  Bert's  in  1861,  each  one  in  central  Rus-h 
was  given  ten  acre-  of  land.  Only  think,  there  were  twenty- 
three  million*  of  them  emancipated." 

-aid  the  Baroness,  "progress  owe-  much  to  ruler- 
ami  to  -late-men  \\h«...  through  the  ages,  have  labored  -o  hard 
to  advance  the  good  of  others.  As  to  Tolstoy,  I  question  if 
one  should  so  unequivocally  admire  him.  1  find  myself  more 
and  more  helpless  to  explain  his  inconsistencies,  ("an  it  be 
true,  that  he  is  most  happily  married  and  has  sixteen  children? 
We  hear  so  much  that  is  not  true,"  she  said. 

The   Ambassador  and   the  younger  man   laughed   heartily. 

"We  hear  it  frequently  said,"  remarked  the  Ambassador. 
'  that  two  hundred  million"  home-  exist  today  and  society  made 
up  from  these  homes  has  joy  and  sorrow  and  m\ >tery,*  and 
that  human  affairs  on  a  large  scale  have  the  tips  and  down-; 
ami  so  it  is  in  the  history  of  Nations,  that  is  natural  to  all, 
and  the  history  of  individual-.  Tol-toy  is  a  great  thinker. 
•;ncd  undoubtedly  to  leave  a  great  impression  upon  his 
Nation.  As  to  bis 'domestic  relations,  I  personally  am  not 
sufficiently  interested  in  them  to  have  much  accurate  knowl 
edge.  I  suspect  our  young  friend  here,  who  I  hope  will  be 
sent  to  St.  Petersburg  a-  I;ir-t  Secretary  from  the  United 
States,  will  inform  himself  most  accurately  about  all  details 
of  Ru-sian  life  and  character." 

"Your  Excellency  returns  to  Russia  very  soon  now.  I  hear." 

"Yes,"  he  replied,  "but  before  I  go  I  desire  to  tell  you  how 
interested  I  am  in  vour  enthusiasm  over  the  subject  of  peace 
and  arbitration.  Ruskin  says  the  old  Greek  word  for  sin 
meant  missing  the  mark — that  all  sin  is  in  essence  losing  the 
sight  or  consciousness  of  heaven.  When  Peter  the  Great  wa- 
murdered  by  his  wife  and  she  ascended  the  Throne  of  Russia 
1  'atberine  II,  you  know  England  and  France  were  glad 
enough  to  give  over  the  struggle  with  Prussia  and  sign  the 
Peace  of  Paris.  Xow  these  Peace  Treaties  are  great  land 
marks  in  the  history  of  Nation-.  Let  us  not  miss  the  mark. 

"Ye-    indeed'"    -he    exclaimed,    "although    the    apostles   of 

peace   and   arbitration   are  called   visionary,    yet    hundred-   of 

irs  hence.  p<i--iblv  BOOnef,  their  reason  and  importance  will 


dged.    Kverything  aiiect>  Society— climate  even — 

'  Ami  if  the-  wickedne>s  of  men  ami  \\xincii.  why  \  xxl- 

nuich  more?'"     The  divine  iniluemv  e  who  make 

us   believe    in    the   supernatural,    in    the    divine    interpret. 
of  God's  management  of   Hi*  universe     *     *     *     *" 

"The  climate  Russian  people  do  not  come  under 

the  gentle  influence  of  Nature  as  elsewhere,  but  then  it  i>  the 
coiuer.-atioii  imluors  which  brings  re>ulN.  1  alv.ay-  remem- 
M a« lain  de  Stael's  an>wer  when  someone  questioned  her 
if  >he  like.'!  her  villa  at  Lake  Geneva.  'Yes;  but  not  as  I  do 
the  babble  in  the  Rue  de  Kivale  in  Pari-.'  " 

"Now,  if  you  will  promise  me."  he  continued,  "to  use  the 

with  which  you  are  enriched  and  y»ur  personal  influ- 
for  good,  which  is  the  most  potent  agency  with  which  to  meet 
the  evils  that  exi>t  in  governmental  affairs,  and  by  writing 
and  speaking  of  ideal  characters  founded  in  truth  and  em 
bellished  by  poetry  and  song,  you  may  raise  people's  taste  and 
aspirations  and  do  away  with  much  that  is  wrong.  Will  you 
begin  to  write?" 

"Agreed,  I  will  write  a  book.  Write  so  it  may  even  impress 
the  Czar  of  Russia  if  it  ever  falls  into  his  hands.  It  is  easy 
to  find  fault;  to  condemn  men  or  nations,  'to  take  a  bold  share 
in  working  out  an  equity.'  but  I  know  of  no  other  permissablc 
method  of  calling  the  attention  of  Governments  to  the  people's 
burden's  than  this — war  and  unjust  taxation  shall  be  frowned 
down  !  They  will  no  longer  cry  out.  '<  i«>d  90  high  and  the  < 
so  distant'  after  they  read  my  book,"  and  she  laughed  outright. 

"If  I  am  still  an  Ambassador  to  that  Court,  your  book  will 
surely  be  read  by  the  Czar,  and  I  hope  the  Austrian  Baroness 
will  win  a  prize." 

"In  1899  Czar  Nicholas  surprised  the  world  by  proposing 
to  all  the  Governments  having  representatives  at  the  Russian 
Court,  the  meeting  of  a  conference  'to  consider  means  of  in 
suring  the  general  peace  of  the  world  and  of  putting  a  limit 
to  the  progressive  increase  of  armaments  which  weigh  upon 
all  Nations."*  He  had  read  "Lay  Down  Your  Arms." 

*Life  of  Society.  E.  W.  Brown.  S.  P.  Putnam  Sons;  by  permission. 
*Life  of  Society.  E.  W.  Brown.  S.  P.  Putnam  Sons;  by  permission. 
*Philip  VanNess  Myers — History.  (linn  &  Co.;  by  permission. 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
TURKEY  AND  THE  BALKANS 

"TWO     MEN    ON     HORSEBACK,     WADING    A    STREAM,    RETURNING 

FROM    SERV1A." 
"IN"    1878  TO  RE-ARRANGE  THE  EASTERN  QUESTION." 

"FOR  A  LONG  TIME  WERE  TIIK  MAIN  DEFENSE  OF  CHRISTIAN 
EUROPE  AGAINST  TURKISH  TRIBES,"  SHE  SAID,  "AND  1 
BEG  TO  TELL  YOU  HOW  IT  WAS/' 

"AND  HE  SHALL  JUDGE  BETWEEN  THE  NATIONS  AND  WILL 

DECIDE   CONCERNING    MANY    PEOPLE." 

INTERNATIONAL  TIES 

CHAPTER   VI 1 1  —  The  Balkans  and   Turkey. 

"What  a  dramatic  episode  in  the  world's  history  the  papers 
give  us  today,"  said  Rev.  Dr.  -  -  to  those  gathered  about 
him  in  a  splendid  drawing  room  at  an  American  winter  resort. 
"The  daughter  of  the  Sultan  has  ended  her  life  because  of 
the  defeats  of  the  Turkish  army.  The  Princess  spent  a  long 
time  in  her  apartment  in  silent  prayer;  finally  she  came  out, 
her  hair  flowing  and  attired  in  a  long  garment.  She  ascended 
and  lit  the  pyre.  The  servants  dared  not  interfere.  She  had 
built  this  funeral  pyre  with  her  own  hands  and  decorated  it 
with  flowers  and  priceless  tapestries.  As  the  news  of  the 
successive  Turkish  defeats  came,  the  Princess  Zekie  became 
morose.  Turkish  fatalism  accomplished  the  worst.  A  letter 
was  found  in  which  she  told  her  husband  she  could  not  sur 
vive  the  ruin  of  her  people.  The  letter  ends  with  a  prayer  to 
Allah  not  to  permit  the  complete  destruction  of  the  Ottoman 
nation." 

Years  ago,  two  men  wading  a  stream  returning  from  Servia, 
Montenegrin,  Herzogovina,  Belgrade,  where  they  had  been 
sent  by  their  Government,  came  near  being  drowned  because 
of  the  heavy  rugs  tied  on  the  backs  of  their  horses.  These 
they  had  purchased  and  were  bringing  home  as  trophies  to 
their  wives. 

"What  a  shame."  said  one  of  them  to  his  travelling  com- 

lion,  "that  these  people  think  they  have  to  fight — to  throw 

t.t'f  the  yoke  of  the  Turk.     They  are  actually  trained  genera- 


lions  hack  to  believe  this.     The  people  love  their  home-,  their 
small  possessions,  tin  1  hie  «»f  their  village-  and  neigh- 

borho,  ,d.  They  do  not  \\ant  war.  hut  all  with  whom  I  talked 
tell  me  that  they  feel  they  have  'inherited  an  unonnjii- 
ta^k.'  It  is  hard  to  understand  h<>w  the  people  of  Southern 
luirope  have  to  live  in  constant  dread  of  war,  where  as  you 
in  your  country  and  we  in  ours,  enjoy  such  civil  order  and 
prosperity  and  blessing-." 

A  battle  in  the  recent  Balkan-  lasted  three  days.  The  Bul 
garian  Anns  finally  routed  the  main  Turkish  Anm  .  »f  200,000 
men.  Could  one  have  believed  this  a  few  years  ago?  When 
Kuropcan  powers  interferred  or  called  a  Conference  as  the. 
did  in  1S7S  in  Berlin,  to  sec  if  conditions  could  be  bettered, 
when  Bismark.  Schuvaloff.  Disraeli.  ( inrtschakoff.  and  And- 
as-embled  at  this  Berlin  C'ongres-  in  1X7X  to  rearrange 
the  Ka-tern  question — this  independent  attitude  of  the  Bal 
kans,  which  today  is  Allowing  it-elf,  was  undoubtedly  strength 
ened,  but  no  one  predicted  such  results  a-  come  before  our 
attention  today. 

"Ye-;  it  is  as  you  say."  replied  his  companion.  "The  Bul 
garians.  Servians,  Greeks,  and  Montenegrins  have  no  love  for 
the  frightful  hazards  and  unspeakable  miseries  of  war." 

"Will  the  Tinted  States  ever  help  to  settle  this  ,,ld  Kastern 
question?  What  do  Americans  think  about  that?"  inquire-! 
the  Knglishman  of  his  American  friend. 

"\o;  answers  her  President.  If  she  has  a  mission  besides 
developing  the  principles  of  the  brotherhood  of  man.  it  -eenis 
to  me  it  is  to  blaze  the  way  to  universal  peace." 

"But  I -"ii  rope  took  on  a  new  love  for  armament;  a  new- 
impulse  beyond  the  public  endurance,  when  the  I'nited  States 
refused  to  ratify  the  1 'resident's  treaties.  They  delayed  the 
progress  ..f  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  in  good  will — for  an  incal 
culable  time."  said  the  Knglishman. 

Years  later  a  very  pathetic  incident  occurred.  A  prelate 
was  called  to  the  bedside  of  a  very  ill  person— fl  woman  for 
\\hom  he  had  the  utmost  respect. 

"With    your    intense    love    for    literature,    art.    your    highly 
strung  temperament.      How   is  this,   that    von   cling  so  tenac 
iously,  through  cloud  and  storm  as  well  as  sunshine,  to  these 
DC  ideas  and  international  relation-." 

"Ah!  the  Balkans."  she  cried,  as  -he  bid  her  face  in  the 
pillow.  "What  ass,,riatious  d.-es  not  the  subject  bring  to  me. 
He  told  me  it  was  the  five  hundrd  year  old  problem  the  morn 
ing  he  started  forth,  lie  risked  his  life  to  travel  hence;  to 
write  a  cla  —  ic  concerning  the  principles  involved  which  wen- 
part  of  his  religion — "The  comings.'  a-  he  called  them.  These 
principles  ..f  Hi-  power  and  glory — the  coming  of  the  Priiuv 
of  IV 


The  prelate  noticed  her  mind  wa-  tOO  excited  and  cautioned 
her  to  .stop.  "lint  1  beg."  >lie  said.  "tO  tell  you  how  it  wa-! 
\\"o  Hungarians  differed  from  all  other  Turanian  tribe— un 
adopted  the  names,  customs  and  religion  of  the  people  about 
us.  The  Maggars  succeeded  in  thrusting  themscKes  far  into 
the  Continent  and  establishing  the  important  Kingdom  of 
Hungary;  we  became  Europeanized  and  for  a  long  time  were 
the  main  defense  of  Christian  Europe  against  Turkish  tribe- 
of  the  same  race  that  followed  closely  in  their  footstep-." 
Here  the  brilliant  mind  ceased  to  work  and  one  more  spirit 
entered  into  eternal  rest. 

History  tells  us  that  away  back  in  the  fourteenth  Century 
the  Conquest  of  the  Turk  was  greatly  aided  by  a  body  of  sol 
diers  known  as  "the  Janizaries."  This  select  corps  was  com 
posed  at  first  of  the  fairest  children  of  Christian  captive-  who 
were  brought  up  in  the  Mohammedan  faith.  In  1453  at  the 
Fall  of  Constantinople,  the  cross  on  the  dome  of  St.  Sophia 
was  replaced  by  the  Crescent.  Ever  since  the  days  of  Napol 
eon  she  has  been  a  coveted  possession — and  still  European 
diplomacy  is  doing  for  her  in  her  desperate  situation  what  she 
cannot  do  for  herself — so  she  is  held  in  "status  quo"  because 
Russia,  Austria.  France.  Germany  and  Italy,  all  want  to  p»>-- 
sess  Constantinople. 

"And  He  shall  judge  between  Nations  and  will  decide  con 
cerning  many  people;  and  they  shall  beat  their  swords  into 
plowshares,  and  their  spears  into  pruning  hooks:  Nation  shall 
n<»t  lift  up  sword  against  nation,  neither  shall  they  learn  war 
any  more."  (Isa.  11:3-4.) 

And  the  reward  of  the  peace-makers — they  shall  be  called 
the  children  of  God.  (Matt.  V:9.) 

Will  the  Christian  Churches  allow  the  Turk  to  spread 
Mohammedanism  over  Africa  as  they  are  fast  doing?  This 
religion  allows  to  the  poor  African,  rules  of  conduct  which 
the  Christian  religion  forbids,  and 'they  are  easily  won  over. 
They  tell  them  Mohammed  was  the  only  prophet.  From  a 
political  aspect  the  danger  is  great,  for  the  Ottoman  Empire 
is  the  -aim-  in  the  twentieth  century  as  in  the  fourteenth  in 
its  belief. 

The  Emperor  Constantine  will  not  rise  up;  will  not  appear 
again  to  hold  his  emblem,  the  Cross,  with  its  inscription,  "In 
this  sign  conquer."  but  others,  obedient  to  Heavenly  visions, 
will  rise  up  undoubtedly,  to  hold  aloft  the  standard  of  peace 
and  good  will.  Other  Crusades  than  the  Fourth  may  arise 
— not  at  Venice,  we  know  not  where — and  invade  the 
Turkish  Empire  to  the  surprise  of  all;  social,  political  and 
religion-  rea-oii-  making  such  International  Tics  possible. 


31  ttiprttattnnal 


(SECOND     PART' 
MRS.    MARY    MCARTHUR   TUTTLE 


•   • 


/.      ,  , 


t, 

/ 


M,  c//'V.  7, 


3lttt?rnattnttal 

BY 

MRS.  MARY  MCARTHUR  TUTTLE 


PART  II. 


CONTENTS: 

AMERICA  AGAIN 

FRANCE  AGAIN 

GERMANY  AGAIN 

ENGLAND 

HOLLAND 

ITALY 

RUSSIA 

CHINA  AND  JAPAN 
SOUTH  AMERICA 
TURKEY  AND  THE  BALKANS 


THE   CRANE 


HtHRY  MO*  i-HENft 

COPYRIGHTED    1915 
BY 

MRS.  MARY  MCARTHUR  TUTTLE 


INTERNATIONAL  TIES 


PART  II. 


AMERICA  AGAIN 
WHILE  INTERNATIONAL  CONTROVERSIES  WERE  IMMINENT  AT 

ANY  TIME. 

THE  LONG  CONFLICT  OF  EVIL  WITH  GOOD. 

AND  DESPITE  THE  DIVERSION   OF  THOUGHT   IT   SEEMED  ATTRAC 
TIVE  TO  A  GOOD  CITIZEN. 

HOW  DANGEROUS  THAT  SOUNDS  TO  THE  EARS  OF  AN  AMERICAN. 

PART  II. — America  Again. 

The  young  heir  described  in  the  opening  chapter  of  this 
book,  who  was  thought  by  his  grandmother  to  have  "a  sensible 
countenance"  on  the  day  of  his  birth,  grew  to  manhood  and 
became  in  course  of  time  a  grandparent  himself  to  a  grandson, 
who  was  destined  to  be  a  ruler  of  State  and  Nation.  In  his 
administrative  years,  a  poetic  prophecy  was  written  of  him, 
somewhat  similar  to  Tennyson's  lines  in  idea : 

"Ring  out  the  thousand  wars  of   old, 
Ring  in  the  thousand  years  of  peace." 

Conspicuous  with  others,  in  maintaining  and  enlarging  the 
ideas  of  universal  peace,  even  during  a  time  when  the  insur 
rection  of  other  nations  was  tremendous,  and  while  international 
controversies  were  imminent  almost  every  day ;  and  an  impact 
collision  and  shock  to  our  nation  threatening  by  the  impetuosity 
of  those  who  wanted  war  either  for  commercial  interests  or 
because  they  were  born  war-like  at  heart,  or  had  believed  or 
been  taught  by  their  ancestors  that  a  nation's  pride  must  stand 
on  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  that  young  manhood  is  simply 
reared  to  be  scattered  by  explosives  or  killed  by  big  guns 
of  belligerent  nations :  These  citizens,  clamoring  for  the  national 
life  to  arise  and  resent  all  approaches  against  it,  groaned  over 


the  echo  of  ideals  and  patience  and  love  of  humanity  which 
wafted  from  the  seat  of  government  across  the  waters,  or 
hovered  like  a  dove  around  and  about. 

But,  ungalled  by  the  yoke  of  passion  and  unhealthy  stimulus 
as  was  Henry  Clay  on  his  day,  the  great  telegraphic  cable 
(first  used  in  1844  to  announce  Mr.  Polk's  nomination),  as 
well  as  the  wireless  telegraphy,  was  kept  going,  to  express 
the  American  point  of  view  and  to  urge  other  nations  to  try 
to  solve  their  own  difficulties  by  good  policies. 

Men  of  all  parties  and  politics  were  expressing  themselves 

on  the  subject  of  the  European  war.  Professor  L 's  theory 

was  "not  to  be  too  much  prepared  for  war,  and  not  to  be  too 
little  prepared  for  it — these  two  ways,"  he  declared,  "are  the 
two  ways  for  a  nation  to  become  involved  in  international 
controversy" ;  while  other  men  stood  for  Peace  at  any  Price ! 
and  others  denounced  the  deliberation  of  the  Executive,  &c.,  &c., 
while  from  Mississippi  came  the  opinion  "that  our  Navy  should 
be  ordered  to  patrol  the  trans-Atlantic  trade  routes  and  find 
and  sink  every  German  submarine  which  shows  its  periscope 
above  the  waves." 

"If  you  men  do  not  stop  your  variances  of  opinion,  and  your 
impatience  and  criticisms,  trying  to  coerce  a  mind  from  its 
natural  and  conscientious  trend,  our  President — like  William 
Henry  Harrison — will  die  in  office,"  said  a  Democratic  ad 
herent.  "Ah  no!"  said  the  Republican,  "no  danger  of  that. 
Harrison  threw  all  care  upon  Daniel  Webster,  Secretary  of 
State,  and  wrapped  his  robe  about  him  and  laid  down,  it  is  true, 
to  rest,  but  Webster  was  a  man  who  could  stand  alone  when 
all  the  Cabinet  resigned  during  Tyler's  repeal  of  the  Independ 
ent  Bill  and  the  bill  for  the  bank  of  the  United  States  was 
rechartered  and  passed.  Webster  exclaimed :  "And,  gentlemen, 
what  will  you  do  with  me?  There  was  no  giving  up  in  that 
nature,  no  more  than  in  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence." 

"Did  you  ever  think  to  what  extreme  old  age  those  signers 
lived?"  asked  the  Democrat,  desiring  to  turn  the  subject. 

"Well,  suppose  we  both  go  to  church  tomorrow  and  listen  to 

God's  word  for  a  while ;  I  promised  Rt.  Dr.  C I  would  go 

and  bring  someone  with  me.  He  is  going  to  preach  on  the 
text,  so  he  told  me :  'They  That  Take  the  Sword  Shall  Perish 
by  the  Sword ;  He  that  Leadeth  Into  Captivity  Shall  Go  Into 
Captivity.'  " 

"For  fellows  who  want  war  will  get  it,  if  you  are  not  care 
ful  !" 

"Well,  good-bye — perhaps  I'll  come  and  sit  by  you  tomorrow, 
and  hear  what  the  Reverend  gentleman  has  to  say,"  said  the 
Republican,  good-naturedly. 


The  service  began  by  reading  Confitebimur  tibi,  Psalm 
The  earth  is  weak,  and  the  inhabiters  thereof :  bear  up  the 
pillars  of  it. 

I  said  unto  the  fools,  Deal  not  so  madly ;  and  to  the  ungodly 
set  not  up  your  horn. 

Set  not  up  your  horn  on  high,  and  speak  not  with  a  stiff 
neck :  For  promotion  cometh  neither  from  the  East,  nor  from 
the  West,  nor  yet  from  the  South. 

And  why  ?  God  is  Judge  ;  He  putteth  down  one,  and  setteth 
up  another. 

Also  Psalm  76,  12th  verse — He  shall  refrain  the  spirit  of 
princes  and  is  wonderful  among  the  Kings  of  the  earth. 

Also  Psalm  77,  19th  verse — Thy  way  is  in  the  sea,  and  thy 
paths  in  the  great  waters,  and  thy  foot-steps  are  not  known. 

"Thinkest  thou  that  I  cannot  now  pray  to  my  Father  and 
He  shall  presently  give  me  more  than  twelve  legions  of  angels. — 
St.  Matthew  20,  52  and  53  verses.  Legion!  Think  of  it! 
Army,  host,  multitude.  We  have  been,"  said  the  reverend 
doctor  C ,  "in  the  past  of  our  history,  assailed  from  with 
out,  now  we  are  assailed  from  within.  Our  love  for  humanity, 
our  ideals,  our  conscience. — A  rift  in  the  cloud  may  lead  to 
mediation  for  the  conflict  of  the  world,  any  day.  God  may 
call  a  legion  of  angels  to  overcome  man's  fierce  will ;  big  souls 
ready  to  help  us,  and  other  nations  for  the  triumph  of  nobler 
virtues  over  violence  and  wrong.  I  cannot  console  you  now 
when  eight  hundred  thousand  men  wounded  and  suffering 
are  lying  in  hospitals  in  Europe.  What  can  anyone  say?  'In 
the  beginning  was  the  Word,  and  the  Word  was  with  God, 
and  the  Word  was  God.'  'The  Sovereignty  of  God'  is  my 
theme  today." 


Returning  to  the  Virginia  narrative,  with  which  this  book 
begins,  the  poet  Addison  did  not  come  to  America  with  his 
brother  John,  as  Lady  Caroline — wife  of  Sir  Roger — had 
hoped.  Lady  Caroline  did  not  stop  to  reflect  how  strange  it 
would  be  for  the  editor  of  the  London  Spectator,  a  man  famous 
as  essayist  and  editor,  who  was  to  be  Secretary  of  State  under 
Queen  Ann,  and  who  would  marry  the  Dowager  Countess  of 
Warwick  (and  who  would  be  buried  in  Westminster)  to  break 
off  with  such  surprising  civilization,  rich  culture  and  refinement, 
where  even  "utilities  were  gilded  and  brocaded."  But  John 
Addison,  who  held  rank  as  Colonel,  Admiral,  in  the  Engli>h 
Navy,  not  only  came  but  allowed  his  daughter  to  marry  a  Vir 
ginian.  A  daughter  of  this  marriage  became  the  wife  of 


Colonel  William  Burton.     Their  splendid,  clever  daughters, 

Rebecka  and  Susan  B ,  married  George  and  John  T . 

In  all  of  this  we  see  that  John  Addison,  like  his  father,  Rev. 
Launcelot  Addison,  who  went  in  early  days  as  Chaplain  at 
Tangiers,  was  fond  of  foreign  countries  and  new  opportunities: 
while  Joseph  Addison,  the  poet,  with  his  literary  and  sympa 
thetic  nature,  clung  to  the  mother  country.  Rebecka  and  Susan 

B ,   like  their  ancestors,   enjoyed   sports   and   diversions; 

and  had  a  joyfulness  of  disposition  and  uncalculating  hospi 
tality.  Whenever  the  public  cause  summoned  men  to  exertion 
the  twenty  fiddlers  were  called  out  and  a  great  barbecue  was 
served  on  silver  plate  in  the  Deer  Park.  This  scene  was  pre 
liminary  to  the  sound  of  the  bugle — for  in  those  days  the  bugle 
was  expected  to  call  to  arms  almost  any  time.  Indeed,  num 
erous  surprises  have  awaited  the  Americans  in  their  onward 
march  toward  ideals — for  while  big  souls  like  William  Penn, 
full  of  innocence  and  truth,  had  simply  to  exclaim  to  the 
North  American  Indian  :  "My  friends,  we  have  met  on  the  broad 
pathway  of  good  faith.  We  are  all  flesh  and  blood.  When 
disputes  arise  we  will  settle  them  in  council" ;  and  the  Indian 
replied :  "While  the  rivers  run  and  the  sun  shines  we  will 
live  in  peace  with  the  children  of  William  Penn."*  Yet  in  other 
localities,  and  later  dates,  the  Indian  was  still  a  terror,  so  much 
so  that  a  company  of  them  would  arrive  at  a  home  for  break 
fast  in  the  early  days  of  Ohio,  for  instance,  and  the  lady 
of  the  manor  failed  to  have  the  first  cup  of  coffee  served  to 
the  Chief,  they  would  all  rise  to  their  feet  and  in  warlike  atti 
tude  rebel !  John  Brown  at  Harper's  Ferry,  the  battles  of  the 
Civil  War,  the  dangers  of  the  Spanish-American  War,  the 
great  work  of  opening  the  Panama  Canal,  of  handling  the  ap 
peal  of  woman's  suffrage,  or  the  prohibition  propaganda,  or 
international  disputes,  or  to  keep  down  mercenary  aims  and 
the  times  full  of  fraud,  have  not  been  harder  to  manage  than 
the  Indian  question.  But  today  from  Palm  Beach,  where  the 
great  Edison  has  his  winter  home,  to  the  beautiful  Lakes ;  from 
the  golden  shores  of  California  in  this  its  great  year  of  Expo 
sition — to  the  Monumental  Atlantic  Coast — it  is  not  these 
wonderful  and  glorious  facts  which  puts  down  European  skepti 
cism.  It  is  because  "the  golden  rule  makes  the  golden  age" 
and  "because,"  as  Professor  Church  says,  "human  rights  are 
advocated  above  the  arrogance  of  nations.f 

When  the  Panama  Canal  was  opened,  the  voice  and  wishes 
of  two  millions  of  women  protested  against  it  being  fortified — 

*Ridpath's  History  of  the  United  States,  by  courtesy  of  the  pub 
lishers. 

tLetter  to  the  German  professors,  by  Samuel  H.  Church,  Principal, 
Carnegie  Institute. 


which  desire  was  voiced  by  men  also  at  the  opening  of  the 
Palace  of  Peace  at  The  Hague,  September,  1913.  These  same 
*vomen  were  working  to  have  reared  in  the  zone  a  peace  monu 
ment  which  would,  they  believed,  stand  as  sentinel  again>t 
disturbance  of  the  peace,  like  the  benediction  of  the  Christ 
of  the  Andes.  While  these  humble  and  blessed  influences  were 
at  work,  the  cry  for  perpetuation  of  the  battle  ships  rose  higher 
from  those  opposed  in  opinion. 

"What  under  the  sun  can  two  millions  of  women  accom 
plish  protesting  against  fortifications,"  said  the  men  of  the 
Army  and  Xavv,  who  laughed  aloud  in  the  face  of  such  "folly," 
as  they  called  it.  Can  the  icy  stillness  of  marble  and  bronze 
monuments  protect  us  from  contingencies?  We  must  admit 
that  America  is  leading  in  this  twentieth  century  in  hard  ex 
perimental  problems,  and  we  grant,  said  Admiral  M to 

Major-General  S ,  that  if  she  fails,  the  rest  of  the  world  will 

stand  by  and  laugh. 

"The  boldest  thing  upon  the  sea 
A  dreadnought  we  all  thought  would  be. 
It  bore  a  great  majestic  air 
And  looked  defiant  ev'rywhere ; 
But  time  is  swift  upon  the  wing. 
Extremes  are  sought  in  ev'rything ; 
So  genius  forth  a  pygmy  brings — 
The  submarine — it's  got  the  sting. 
The  dreadnought  now  has  lost  its  name 
And  in  some  haven  hides  with  shame." 

— H.  G.  C. 

May  12th,  1915. — President's  note  to  Germany — a  plea  for 
humanity — demands  that  submarines  cease  treaty  violations. 
If  not,  may  result  in  severance  of  diplomatic  relations. 

May  24th. — Opening  of  the  Pan-American  financial  con 
ference. 

June  l?th. — Rift  in  the  war  cloud  seen  by  high  officials. 
World-wide  league  forming.  Judicial  tribunal  to  hear  na 
tion's  complaints.  All  to  war  upon  one  that  commits  hostile 
act  before  its  grievance  has  been  submitted  to  the  tribunal. 
Those  who  are  calm,  deliberate,  firm,  and  logical  want  America 
to  blaze  the  path  to  peace. 

Four  men  who  were  no  longer  young  sat  over  papers  and 
books  until  a  late  hour  after  having  partaken  of  a  rich  repast. 
One  represented  to  the  world  the  most  ardent  advocate  of 
civic  reform ;  the  second  stood  for  the  abolition  of  the  liquor 
traffic ;  the  third  was  a  champion  for  peace  and  arbitration, 
while  the  fourth  believed  sincerely  and  gave  his  personal  influ 
ence  to  the  suffrage  movement.  All  vital  questions  of  the 
hour  and  of  the  day.  One  was  a  man  of  large  affairs  who  had 


been  feted  and  toasted  at  many  a  dinner  party,  made  up  of 
various  bodies,  organizations,  over  which  he  had  presided. 
People  were  always  ready  to  recall  his  witticisms,  while  the 
universities  from  which  he  had  received  degrees  were  loud 
in  his  praise. 

"Yes,"  explained  one  of  the  four,  "I  recognize  all  of  these 
facts  and  that  you  were,  when  I  knew  you  years  ago,  a  man 
of  nice  discriminations  in  affairs  of  State." 

"And  you !"  retorted  another  of  these  beaux  esprits,  "the 
maintainer  of  practical,  wholesome  standards  of  conduct." 

"But,"  replied  the  other,  "if  you  or  any  of  us  were  to  be 
tried  before  a  jury  I  should  tremble  for  you,  my  friend,  on  one 
point." 

The  man  to  whom  these  words  were  addressed  looked  indeed 
surprised  then,  laughed  aloud,  and,  leaning  over  with  elbows 
resting  on  the  table  and  hands  supporting  the  chin,  he  said: 
"Now  come!  What  do  you  mean?" 

"Here,"  said  the  man  next  to  him,  "are  you  ready  to  help  me 
if  his  accusation  has  anything  in  it?" 

"I  need  not  waste  words,"  continued  the  first  speaker.  "Your 
wit  will  be  the  death  of  you.  That  statement,  of  course,  recalls 
to  your  mind  what  a  curious  incitement  you  had  to  use  your 
wit.  Now  do  not  say  you  fail  to  recall  it — that  will  not  do ! — 
a  word  can  sometimes  cause  great  suffering,  and  you  gave  that 
word." 

"What  under  the  sun  is  your  object  in  bringing  up  disagree 
able  vexations,  things  in  the  past  which  one  has  outlived,  when 
we  are  all  trying  to  have  a  good  and  pleasant  evening  to 
gether." 

"Individual  interests  cause  me  to  speak  of  it.  There  are 
numerous  men  of  my  acquaintance  who  say  they  lost  all  faith 
in  the  honor  of  public  servants  of  the  State  and  Nation ! — from 
that  time  on — their  audacious  and  unjust  ways — men  who 
pride  themselves  on  correct  thinking  and  elevations  of  man 
ners.  And  that  such  men  are  the  supporters  of  our  campaigns 
*  *  * " 

"Ah,  do  give  us  some  rest,"  exclaimed  the  beau  esprit  who 
was  particularly  involved  in  this." 

"*  *  *  If  the  person  who  was  so  misrepresented  had  had 
an  explosive  character,  been  erratic,  unorthodox,  believing  in 
the  blind  encounter  of  fate  and  chance.  But  behold !  what  love 
liness,  what  forgiveness,  what  faith,  what  ethical  motives 
continue  to  rule  the  life,  and  it  was  that  very  person  who  first 
received  the  inspiration  for  the  great  movement  for  which 
I  stand.  I  tell  you  give  us  some  rest,"  cried  out  the  man,  and 
turned  his  chair  quickly,  so  that  he  faced  another  one  of  the 
group  who  looked  indeed  very  thoughtful. 


«*  *  *  The  tj^th  comes  to  the  top  and  leaves  the  perse 
cutors  below  the  persecuted.  Moments  of  tremendous  peril 
prove  that  in  the  world's  history.  The  conflict  of  evil  with 
good  proves  it.  When  Marcus  Aurelius  was  stopped  one  day 
by  a  person  who  said:  "Kvil  is  spoken  of  thee,"  he  answered: 
"That  they  speak  ill  of  me  so  much  is  reported,  but  that  I  am 
hurt  thereby  is  not  reported." 

The  man  who  repeated  this  ancient  anecdote  or  incident  stood 
seriously  for  the  cause  he  represented.  Turning  his  counte 
nance  upon  a  comparatively  younger  man,  he  remarked:  "I 
\\  i-h  you  would  promise  me  to  read  a  portion  of  a  very  wonder 
ful  book  written  by  a  learned  Scotsman — which  I  have  just 
finished." 

"With  pleasure,"  replied  the  man  to  whom  these  words 
were  addressed. 

"It  is  the  picture  of  a  past  age  which  has  taken  deep  hold 
upon  me.  Indeed  I  may  say  a  new  life  seems  to  overflow  the 
present  limitations,  new  ideas,  new  inspirations,  dreams  of 
irenius — vital  forms  of  government,  even  dramatic  where  the 
divine  also  enters — and  the  language  is  sweet  and  elevated." 

The  next  day  the  younger  man  secured  the  book.  He  read 
far  into  the  night.  The  following  day  he  was  to  speak  to  a 
large  crowd  of  people — cultivated  people,  many  of  them — im 
pressionable  people,  and  still  others  who  were  sensational  and 
political  in  trend. 

There  was  no  art  or  method  as  in  France,  or  oftentimes  in 
America,  amongst  our  orators  and  speakers,  no  parliamentary 
effort,  but  force  of  will,  rapidity  of  utterance,  practical  sug 
gestions,  all  toward  the  formation  of  character,  all  toward  the 

and  sufferings  of  the  people  and  the  unchecked  selfish 
manifesting  itself  in  many  avenues  and,  although  these  con 
ditions  and  ideas  were  not  presented  symmetrically,  yet  the 
realistic  manner  of  expression  and  gesture  held  the  audience. 

"Will  you  then,  my  good  friends,"  he  said,  "allow  me  to 
read  a  short  selection  from  a  great  book,  drained  that  we 
are  all  working  for  pence  amongst  men  and  good  will.  This 
book  says:  At  the  birth  of  Christ  the  amazing  federation  of 
the  world  into  one  great  monarchy  had  been  finally  achieved. 
The  whole  earth  lay  hushed  in  profound  peace,  all  lanoN 
lay  freely  open  to  the  message  of  mercy  and  love  which  He 
C  to  announce.  The  social,  the  moral  and  political  world 
!y  for  His  advent.  The  merchant  or  the  traveler  might 
alike  pass  freely  from  land  to  land :  trading  vessels  might 
hear  their  ventures  to  any  port,  for  all  lands  and  coasts  were 
under  the  same  laws,  and  all  mankind  for  the  time  were  citizens 
of  a  common  State.  At  the  head  of  this  stupendous  Empire 
a  single  man,  Octavianus  Caesar,  now  better  known  by  his 


imposing  title  Augustus,  ruled  absolute  lord.  All  nations 
bowed  before  him,  all  kingdoms  served  him.  Rome,  itself 
the  capital  of  this  unique  empire,  had  a  population  (according 
to  Lepsius)  of  eight  millions.  Around  the  office  and  person 
of  the  Caesar  who  only  of  all  rulers  before  or  since  was  in 
the  widest  sense  a  Monarch,  there  necessarily  gathered  peculiar 
and  incommunicable  attributes  of  grandeur,  and  when  the 
world  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  single  person  the  world  became 
a  safe  and  dreary  prison  for  his  enemies.  Wherever  you  are, 
said  Cicero  to  the  exiled  Marcelus,  remember  you  are  equally 
within  the  power  of  the  Conqueror."* 

He  laid  the  book  aside  and  looked  his  audience  full  in  the 
face.  How  dangerous  that  sounds  to  the  ears  of  Americans. 
We  who  believe  and  who  represent,  according  to  the  language 
of  one  of  the  ablest  Englishmen,  who  represent  an  experiment 
in  the  rule  of  the  multitude,  tried  on  a  scale  unprecedently  vast, 
and  the  results  of  which  everyone  is  concerned  to  watch.f 

Here  he  closed  his  address,  and  the  audience  thoughtfully  and 

quietly  dispersed. 

*  ******* 

The  people  we  encounter  in  this  book  from  various  coun 
tries  stand  for  principles  more  than  for  races  and  groups,  and 
this  is  THE  INTERNATIONAL  TIE,  which  the  writer  would  like 
to  emphasize,  the  supremacy  of  principles  and  ideals  in  the 
social,  moral  and  political  life  of  the  nations.  Religious 
equality,  and  the  emancipation  of  the  nations  from  aggression. 
Sir  Roger  and  Lady  Caroline,  Leicester  and  John  Addison 
were,  of  course,  Anglo-Saxon;  Monsieur  and  Madame  Chau- 
teaubriant,  Madame  Elise  Languelot  (Molesworth),  Aryans; 
Felix  von  Liibke  and  the  celebrated  Germans,  Teutons;  while 
the  English,  Scotch,  Irish  people  belonged  to  the  Indo-Euro 
pean,  Celts;  and  the  Russians,  Poles  and  Balkan  people  are 
Slavonic,  &c.,  &c.  But  these  distinctions  have  not  been  as 
important  as  the  fact  that  the  Japanese,  Bulgarians,  Pan- 
Americans,  Germans  and  Italians  sit  alike  in  our  educational 
halls  under  pleasant  relationships  and  International  Ties.  They 
all  wish  for  PEACE.  "The  great  brotherhood  is  expanding — 
equal  advantage  lying  open  to  all  quarters  of  the  earth — 
the  Semites  and  Hamites  alike.  According  to  Bishop  Hunt- 
ington,  the  man  in  whom  the  special  calling  began  was  Abra 
ham,  and  if  any  nation  should  instantly  drop  all  that  is  selfish 
in  its  policy,  all  that  is  exclusive  in  its  patriotism,  and  proclaim 
an  economy  of  the  universal  and  impartial  opening  of  every 

*Rev.  C.  Geike's  Life  and  Words  of  Christ,  by  permission  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.,  New  York,  Publishers. 

fViscount  James  Bryce's  American  Commonwealth,  by  permission 
Macmillan  Co.,  New  York. 


door  of  privilege  to  all  lands,  the  moral  spectacle  would  be 
complete."* 

Rabbi    David    IMiilipson    calls    universal    \  practical 

program." 

Many  people  have  believed  .since  the  Kuropean  war  ' 
that  t'actx  point  to  most  unusual  conditions  for  world  1><  I 
ment.  That  there  is  a  stream  sweeping  down  through  the 
ages,  bursting  open  the  hardest  rocky  hearts,  freshing  up  the 
most  sterile  natures,  enlarging  the  narrowest  minds,  springing 
up  like  inspirations  in  the  conscience.  Shall  we  accept  the 
cheerful  vision  and  the  everlasting  hope,  and  believe  that  war 
is  physically  suicidal  and  that  its  substitutes  are  within  our 
grasp,  or  shall  we  despondently  set  aside  these  ideas  and 
habituate  the  world  once  more  to  these  deadly  terrors.  The 
Bible  tells  us  "there  will  be  no  more  sea  there,"  and  yet  the 
supremacy  of  the  sea  is  what  men  lay  down  their  lives  for. 

Many  noble  and  great  men  have  ascended  the  steps  of  the 
White  House,  accompanied  by  their  faithful,  beautiful  wives, 
Glad  children  have  entered.  This  great  country  has  elected 
them  to  go  in.  May  they  never  cease  to  value  and  hold  sacred 
this  solemn  trust,  and  may  the  people  never  fail  to  understand 
what  a  high  privilege  it  is  to  elect  a  President  of  the  United 
States. 

E  PLURIBUS  UNUM 

"Though  many  and  bright  are  the  stars  that  appear 

In  that  flag  by  our  country  unfurl'd; 
And  the  stripes  that  are  swelling  in  majesty  there, 

Like  a  rainbow  adorning  the  world, 
Their  light  is  unsullied,  as  those  in  the  sky, 

By  a  deed  that  our  fathers  have  done ; 
And  they're  leagued  in  as  true  and  as  holy  a  tie, 

In  their  motto  of  'Many  in  One.' 

From  where  our  green  mountain  tops  blend  with  the  sky 

And  the  giant  St.  Lawrence  is  rolled. 
To  the  waves  where  the  balmy  Hesperides  lie. 

Like  the  dream  of  some  prophet  of  old, 
They  conquer'd ;  and  dying  bcqueath'd  to  our  - 

Not  this  boundless  dominion  alone, 
But  that  banner  whose  loveliness  hallows  the  air, 

And  their  motto  of  'Many  in  One.' ' 

— George  W .  Cutter. 

*The  Rt.  Rev.  F.  D.  Huntington's  Sermon:  Christ's  Second  Coming, 
by  permission  E.  L.  Dutton  &  Co.,  Publishers,  N.  V. 


PART  II. 
FRANCE  AGAIN 

"TuE  FRENCH  PEOPLE/'  HE  CALMY  REMARKED,  "SOMEHOW 
SEEM  TO  FEEL  THE  SANCTITY  AND  UNIVERSAL  BEAUTY  OF 
THEIR  DESTINY/' 

A  MAN  OF  LARGE  AFFAIRS,  WHO  TALKED  WITH  HIS  FAMILY 
OCCASIONALLY.  CEREMONIOUS  LIFE  DEMANDED  HIS  AT 
TENTION  MUCH  OFTENER. 

LEADER  OF  THE  ARBITRATION  MOVEMENT  IN  FRANCE. 

"To  RIGHT  THE  WRONG  WITHOUT  UNDERMINING  ESTABLISHED 

ORDER." 

PART  II. — France  Again. 

When  the  party  arrived  in  America,  consisting  of  Monsieur 
Chauteaubriant  and  Madame  ;  Monsieur  Roberts,  Madame,  and 
children ;  and  Elsie  De  Languedot,  they  received  most  polite 
invitations  from  some  of  the  noblesse  settled  at  Quebec  and 
Montreal,  to  come  and  study  the  conditions  on  the  Lakes  and 
the  colonial  establishments  in  Canada,  before  making  their 
final  decision.  Numerically  and  spiritually,  the  Huguenot 
leaven  was  very  active  in  America. 

In  Virginia,  and  elsewhere,  Elsie  De  Languedot  found  the 
closest  ties  and  sympathies ;  and  so  the  French  explorers  who 
wanted  to  monopolize  the  rich  fur  trade ;  nor  the  imposing 
conditions  of  Church  and  State  in  Canada  did  not  tempt  her. 
She  married  in  Virginia,  Lord  Molesworth,  an  Englishman 
who  was  highly  informed  about  English  politics  and  who  knew 
that  William  Pitt  Lord  Chatham  was  studying  politically  the 
line  of  forts  from  Quebec  to  the  Ohio  River,  which  would  make 
even  the  bass,  trout,  pickerel  and  sturgeon,  as  well  as  the 
French  Government  in  America,  swim  down  stream.  And 
so  he  warned  "Elsie"  against  the  volatile  and  migratory  dis 
position  of  the  French  people,  her  countrymen,  and  that  he 
might  not  think  it  best  to  remain  in  America.  "But  do  you 
not  think  it  must  be  very  picturesque,"  said  my  Lady  to  her 
husband,  "to  see  the  altars  in  the  woods  draped  and  candles 
burning  on  them,  and  the  young  Indians  in  blue  jackets  and 
chamois-skin  leggins  with  red  fringes  'bowing  before  the  eter 
nals'?  I  have  read  much  of  the  mythology  of  the  red  man, 
more  akin  to  the  Bible  conception  of  God  than  any  other 
mythology,  I  fancy — the  Great  Spirit  wading  the  streams, 
bringing  the  snow,  using  the  thunder,  blooming  the  flowers. 
These  are  the  eternals  to  them,  as  the  most  reliable  writers  tell 
us." 

"Yes,"  said  Lord  Molesworth,  "but  the  good  of  the  white 
man  will  soon  dispel  their  innocent  fancies,  their  interpreta 
tions  of  nature,  which  are  indeed  beautiful." 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Molesworth  returned  to  Europe,  settled  in 
England,  where  they  reared  a  large  family  of  children.  Their 
eldest  son  became  to  he  a  man  of  important  interests.  Their 
married  well. 


"Then  you  rejoice  over  the  fact  that  the  Anglo-Saxons  and 
not  the   French   have   dominion   over   that   part    of    Ann  I 
Do  not  forget  that  I  am  a  Huguenot,  originally  of  nohle  Nor 
man  French  lineage,  my  dear  son,  although  your  father 

"Stop,  mother,"  said  the  young  man.  "I  do  not  care  for  any 

of  those  things.     As  to  America  —  clear-sighted  statesmen  tell 

.me  it  is  well  —  and  that  England's  naval  power  and  commercial 

supremacy  is  or  will  be  on  a  firmer  basis  than  ever  before,  and 

you  know  father  wants  me  to  go  to  Canada." 

"Very  well,  and  I  also  consider  it  best,  but  you  say  you  have 
no  sympathy  with  noble  lineage  —  then  I  say  I  have  little  sym 
pathy  with  all  the  talk  about  naval  supremacy.  Nations  must 
learn  to  feel  a  greater  brotherhood.  Ah!  here  is  the  child." 
she  said,  drawing  one  of  her  beautiful  married  daughters  to 
her  side,  "who  feels  as  I  do,  about  all  of  these  matters,  and  1 
am  glad  that  she  and  her  husband  will  take  my  grand-daughter 
and  my  namesake,  Elise,  to  France  for  her  education.  In  my 
halcyon  days  a  family  who  belonged  to  the  staunch  remnant 
of  faithful  Huguenots,  just  like  my  own  family,  was  represented 
in  the  Government  by  one  of  the  most  superior  men  I  ever 
knew.  I  heard  the  other  day  that  his  son  is  a  man  of  the  hour 
and  that  his  children  are  all  quite  unusual  —  Ah,  France  is  full 
of  idealism,  you  know." 

"Yes  indeed!"  exclaimed  her  son-in-law,  a  Frenchman  by 
birth,  who  just  at  that  moment  joined  the  family  circle  around 
the  Grandmama  where  they  generally  were  to  be  found  in 
leisure  moments.  Lord  Molesworth  was  a  man  of  large  affairs 
and  saw  his  family  only  on  ceremonious  occasions  in  the  draw 
ing-room  or  at  the  table,  which  is  not  always  the  best  place 
to  learn  disposition  —  as  health  or  ill  health  enters  so  largely 
into  the  thoughts  and  expressions  of  children  while  eating, 
so  that  he  did  not  know  his  children  as  his  wife  knew  them. 
As  to  his  French  son-in-law,  he  generally  gave  the  pleasant 
conversation  of  affairs  over  to  him,  as  they  were  very  con 
genial. 

"And  you  are  going  to  take  Elise  to  France  to  complete  her 
education.  A  good  idea.  Let  the  child  see  all  she  can  of  the 
beautiful  rural  districts  as  well  as  the  heart  of  Paris.  I'm 
so  busy  getting  George  off  for  Canada.  I  must  leave  all  other 
affairs  to  you,"  said  Lord  Molesworth  to  his  French  son-in- 
law. 


During  the  visit  of  Elise's  father  and  mother  in  Paris,  among 
other  places,  they  found  themselves  by  engagement  out  at 
Versailles  one  day  waiting  for  some  friends  to  join  them. 

"Do  you  know,"  said  Elise's  mother  to  her  French  husband, 
"I  do  not  think  so  highly  of  the  collection  of  pictures  we  have 
just  seen.  Of  course,  there  are  many  of  great  importance, 
but  as  a  collection  it  is  immensely  tiresome  to  me — 'although  one 
has  always  to  admit  that  modern  French  art  leads  the  art 
world.' ' 

"I  do  not  admit  that,"  said  her  husband.  "I  like  the  Spanish 
school  and  the  Dutch  school  in  their  modern  examples  quite 
as  much  as  I  like  our  own  art.  And  if  I  were  not  so  woefully 
prejudiced  against  the  Germans  as  a  nation  I  could  also  enjoy 
their  art.  There  was  one  modern  instance  in  French  cartoon 
work  where  I  really  think  French  genius  reached  its  height! 
It  represented  the  German  Emperor  seated  at  a  grand  piano. 
He  was  dressed  in  his  military  clothes  and  supposed  to  be  play 
ing  or  singing  the  hymn  of  peace  (so  the  title  ran).  As  he 
touched  the  keys  with  great  suavity  they  jump  up  in  the  form 
of  soldiers." 

"That  was  truly  clever,"  said  his  wife,  laughing  aloud. 

"Yes,  it  was  clever,  and  it  is,  I  fear,  true  that  the  hymn 
of  peace  means  to  him  just  what  that  cartoon  represented. 
Personally  I  detest  cartoon  work.  It  will  be  abolished  with 
other  evils  in  course  of  time.  It  degrades  art,  it  is  cruel, 
heartless,  abominable,  loathsome,  and  they  who  deal  in  it,  either 
trying  to  make  money  by  it  or  inforce  some  political  scheme, 
will  be  punished  by  God  Almighty." 

"Now,  papa,"  said  Elise,  "if  I  had  said  that,  mama  would 
correct  me,  but  she  allows  you  to  say  just  what  you  want  to. 
Oh,  won't  you  please  ask  the  guide  just  where  Napoleon  stood 
when  he  bade  the  Old  Guard  and  Grenadiers  good-bye?  We 
study  about  that  so  often  in  school." 

"That  was  not  at  Versailles,"  said  her  father,  "that  was 
the  Cour  du  Cheval  Blanc  in  the  Palace  at  Fontainbleau,  which 
is  sometimes  called  Cour  des  Adieux  for  that  reason." 

"Shall  we  go  to  Fontainbleau?"  asked  the  young  girl. 

"Certainly,"  said  her  father,  "but  while  we  are  here  at  Ver 
sailles  you  must  try  and  remember  that  Louis  XIV.  had  it 
built  at  an  enormous  cost  because  he  was  tired  out  at  St.  Ger 
main  ;  he  said  he  could  always  see  the  royal  burying  place,  St. 
Denis." 

"I  don't  blame  him,"  said  the  bright  young  creature  as  she 
laughed  and  looked  at  her  beautiful  mother,  "do  you,  mama?" 

"Well,  changing  the  subject,"  said  her  mother,  "how  does 
it  happen  that  the  House  of  Deputies  sits  here  in  this  palace? 
That's  what  I  should  like  to  know." 


At  that  moment  the  Members  of  the  House  which  had  just 
adjourned  were  passing  by  so  near  that  Elise's  father  recog 
nized  a  friend — Baron  Ponce  de  Leon. 

"How  fortunate!"  lie  exclaimed,  "that  I  should  find  you. 
Do  you  know  my  oldest  son  is  about  to  sail  for  America  ?  Can 
he  not  catch  your  youngest  brother  in  England,  who  1  hear  is 
going  to  Canada?  Our  son  expects  to  go  to  St.  Louis,  but 
then  they  could  cross  the  ocean  together  and  that  would  be  a 
great  gain !" 

"Ah!  you  had  best  go  yourself,  Monsieur  le  Baron.  Think 
what  a  message  you  could  carry  with  you !" 

Several  years  elapsed  in  the  history  of  the  world  before  a 
period  came  when  there  arrived  in  America  a  Frenchman, 
Baron  De  Ponce  de  Leon,  belonging  to  the  Committee  of  the 
International  Peace  Congress.  One  of  the  French  members 
of  the  Hague  Court  and  the  leader  of  the  Arbitration  Move 
ment  in  France,  one  of  the  members  of  the  Tribunal,  a  man 
held  very  dear  by  his  fellowmen.  In  his  address  before 
the  Hague  Conference  he  said:  "We  come  from  all  parts  of 
the  globe  without  knowing  one  another,  with  more  of  prejudice 
than  of  hope.  But  sympathy  arises  amongst  us  owing  to  the 
concord  advancing  the  cause  of  peace  and  civilization.  My 
audience  knows  that  a  Court  of  Arbitration  has  been  created. 
We  are  building,  we  hope — slowly,  I  admit,  but  positively  I 
believe,  and  judiciously — the  diplomacy  of  the  Twentieth  Cen 
tury.  I  have  instituted  the  Arbitration  group  in  the  French 
Parliament  and  the  Interparliamentary  Union  is  composed  of 
these  various  groups." 

I  met  one  of  your  very  clever  American  women  not  long  since 
at  an  International  Conference  in  Switzerland.  She  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  International  Council  of  Women.  She  said  :  "When 
you  go  to  America,  Monsieur  Le  Baron,  instruct  the  women 
as  well  as  the  men  in  this  great  subject.  We  shall  in  all  prob 
ability  soon  have  our  vote  in  America.  Some  men  say,  one 
reason  we  should  not  have  a  vote  is  that  women  cannot  go 
to  war!  But  war  is  a  remote  subject  now.  I  believe  with 
Professor  B —  -  who  said,  as  you  will  remember,  'world-wide 
arbitration  or  world-wide  federation  will  be  but  the  recogni 
tion  of  the  fact  that  war  is  world  suicide.  Nations  will  fi.^ht 
only  when  the  world  has  lost  all  its  hope  and  all  of  its  sanity.' 

Elise  Molesworth  Cambrey  was  hanging  on  the  arm  of  her 
young  husband  and  held  the  hand  of  her  daughter,  who  was  the 
idol  of  the  family,  young  Elise,  a  beautiful  charming  creature 
who  had  become  engaged  since  the  family  arrived  in  France 
to  the  son  of  Baron  Ponce  de  Leon.  They  were  indeed  repre 
sentative  young  people  of  two  splendid  old  French  families 
who  knew  how  to  right  wrong  in  the  politics  of  their  country's 


history  without  undermining  the  established  order.  In  that 
sort  of  politics  they  had  made  great  achievements.  The  mis 
erable  jealousies  of  other  nations,  the  wretched  conflicts  of 
Europe,  they  had  tried  to  avoid  or  overcome,  for  they  be 
lieved,  as  one  of  the  great  French  writers  expresses  it,  that  a 
nation  is  a  spiritual  family  and  they  had  faith  that  France 
would  always  come  out  of  her  troubles  with  a  new  baptism  of 
grace.  They  loved  their  country ;  they  loved  their  church ; 
they  loved  their  families  and  were  not  dreaming  of  any  near 
approach  to  trouble  of  any  kind — especially  did  they  not  anti 
cipate  war  news  just  after  attending  a  peace  conference.  But 
hark !  enmity  awaits  them — all  joys,  all  pleasures  and  pursuits 
they  must  renounce,  all  vanities  and  arts,  "the  refined  enjoy 
ments  of  pictures,  statues,  music,  palaces."  The  awful  sound 
of  war  is  upon  them  and  the  wealthy  and  scientific  go  alongside 
with  the  laboring  man  on  the  battlefield ;  and  the  streets  are 
crowded  with  a  line  of  patriots  called  to  maintain  the  nation's 
credit  and  defense.  Soon  they  hear  that  the  Library  of  Lou- 
vain  is  sacked!  the  Cathedral  of  Rheims  bombarded!  and  the 
deplorable  condition  of  Belgium  rings  from  morning  until  night 
in  their  ears. 

Can  Baron  Ponce  de  Leon,  after  all  he  has  done  for  peace, 
bear  the  cruel  anguish  of  seeing  his  son  go  to  war  ? 

Can  Elise  Cambrey,  to  whom  the  son  is  engaged,  bear  this 
separation?  And  all  for  what?  There  is  no  division  of  senti 
ment  in  the  answer  in  France.  From  the  peddler  to  the  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Deputies  they  all  feel  alike — whether  Prot 
estant  or  Catholic  or  Materialist  they  feel  alike  the  waves  of 
sorrow  that  have  surged  about  them,  their  souls,  they  find  no 
submission  only  to  ask  the  God  of  La  Fayette,  not  of  Mon 
taigne,  not  of  Renan  and  Voltaire,  to  hear  and  answer  their 
prayers.  Elise  Molesworth  Cambrey  is  now  supporting  a  hos 
pital  over  whose  door  is  inscribed,  "And  When  I  Come  on 
Earth  Shall  I  Find  Faith?"  our  Saviour's  question  just  before 
leaving  this  world.  Instead  of  this  young  happy  creature  being 
a  joyful  wife  she  has  a  hospital  full  of  wounded  soldiers ; 
instead  of  Baron  Ponce  de  Leon  being  a  happy  father,  he  has 
only  bereavement  to  contend  with,  and  in  place  of  representing 
a  great  parliamentary  group  for  peace  and  arbitration  his 
fond  belief  in  the  abolition  of  wars  is  crushed.  La  Fayette, 
with  a  detachment  of  twelve  hundred  men,  in  1781,  could 
capture  Arnold ;  he  could  see  at  a  glance  the  doom  of  Corn- 
wallis,  but  who  has  been  able  in  this  horrible  war  to  foresee 
anything,  with  the  mechanism  of  big  guns  and  submarines  and 
Zeppelins  continually  before  their  attention,  and  the  love  of 
humanity  all  dropped  out  and  apparently  the  bottom  of  civiliza 
tion. 


What  wonder  that  the  Baron  wrote  to  a  Bister  Republic 
that  they  should  come  and  help!  \Yhat  wonder  that  Klise  de 
Languelot,  a  woman  of  far-reaching  and  penetrating  mind, 
desired  in  those  early  days  of  our  history  to  come  to  America — 
to  broad  acres,  beautiful  mountains,  broad  rivers,  where  the 
praise  of  God  goes  up  and  resounds  from  coast  to  coast.  The 
Huguenot  spirit  is  still  working  its  way  in  missionary  fields 
of  modern  Christendom.  Only  six  years  ago  the  French  Prot 
estants  were  suddenly  obliged  to  furnish  the  $300,000  which 
until  then  the  Government  had  given  to  their  State  church — 
to  Algeria,  Senegal,  French  Congo,  Madagascar — they  are 
constantly  increasing  the  incomes  of  their  missionary  and  social 
enterprises,  so  we  have  been  told  by  those  who  know  and  those 
who  sing — 

"France,  I  adore  thee, 

Fondly  I  love  thee, 

Proudly  before  me 

Thy  gleaming  banner  waves." 

GERMANY  AGAIN 

PART  II. 

1.  AN  IMPOSING  SCENE. 

2.  TUMULT    IN    THE    REICHSTAG.    THE    CLASH    OF    WORDS. 

PRUSSIAN  DIET  VOTES  SINEWS  OF  WAR. 

3.  "UNTER  DEN   LINDEN"  NEVER  RESOUNDED  LOUDER.    THE 

CLANG  OF  SWORDS.  EMPEROR  WlLLIAM  FIFTY-FIVE — 
VIGOROUS  IN  MIND  AND  BODY,  THEY  CRY. 

4.  You  AMERICANS  ARE  FULL  OF  STRENGTH,  COURAGE  AND 

DARING  WHEN  IT  BECOMES  NECESSARY;  BUT  YOU  ARE 
NOT  ALWAYS  PREPARING  FOR  EVILS  AS  WE  GERMANS  ARE. 

SHOULD  YOU  EMULATE  us  OR  NOT  IN  OUR  WORLD  DOMI 
NATION  AND  OUR  PREPAREDNESS  ON  A  STUPENDOUS  SCALE? 
I  ANSWER,  No! 

CHAPTER  III. — Germany  Again. 

\Yhat  are  the  basic  elements  of  a  nation's  greatrv 

Does  war  make  for  national  greatness? 

These  two  questions  were  propounded  by  a  brilliant  pence 
advocate  sometime  before  the  European  war  was  believed  to 
be  possible!  "If  only  a  summary  end  could  be  put  to  horrible 
wars  and  dissensions.  If  the  Germans  would  only  remember 
that  while  they  have  been,  even  in  their  earliest  history,  di<- 
tin£uished  above  their  neighbors  for  the  preeminence  of  their 
miiitay  valor,  but  that  to  depend  upon  militarism  in  the  Twen 
tieth  Century  is  a  precarious  way  to  gain  the  respect  of  the 
Nvorld ." 


''Stop  right  there/'  said  the  peace  advocate  to  his  com 
panion,  "we  are  wasting  time.  I  no  more  believe  that  the 
Emperor  William  is  intending  war  than  I  believe  that  I  would 
overthrow  or  dethrone  a  nation's  ideals  and  moralities  if  I 
reigned  over  it.  Herbert  Spencer  declared  many  times  that 
'the  decline  of  militancy  and  the  growth  of  industrialism  are 
what  the  highest  society  depend  upon.'  Why,  only  the  other 
day  the  editor  of  Die  Friedenwarte  won  the  Nobel  Peace 
Prize,  and  said  he  thought  highly  of  his  Emperor's  future  in 
these  respects.  Undoubtedly  war  is  a  scar  on  a  nation's  in 
dustry,  a  blot  on  her  history.  The  Emperor  has  expressed 
himself  in  the  belief  of  the  necessity  of  union  between  the 
nations  of  Europe.  Good  will  they  teach  in  the  German  gym 
nasiums  is  a  greater  protection  than  armies  and  navies ;  and 
Germany  has  been  a  party  in  the  last  ten  years  to  a  number 
of  arbitration  treaties,  as  we  all  know." 

"Yes,"  said  the  other  man,  "and  kept  the  Krupp  factory 
going  at  full  speed  all  the  while;  I  wish  I  might  be  as  opti 
mistic  as  you  are." 

It  is  now  many  years  since  Felix  von  Liibke  was  thrown  into 
prison  in  consequence  of  having  published  utterances  which 
were  pronounced  insulting  to  the  Sovereign.  It  was  only  an 
imprisonment  of  a  few  days  but  it  gave  his  young  wife  a  nerv 
ous  shock  from  which  she  died.  She  was  a  beautiful  woman  of 
auburn  hair  and  brown  eyes,  rather  unusual  in  Germany.  She 
had  a  sweet  disposition  and  dressed  and  entertained  to  perfec 
tion.  They  belonged  to  the  literary  coterie  of  Berlin.  Felix 
had  written  in  a  reflective  mood,  recalling  the  past  in  German 
history,  not  suggesting  any  new  forms  or  institutions,  but 
recalled  the  fact  that  the  German  rulers  had  held  on  to  primi 
tive  things  in  many  particulars.  The  manor  was  the  domestic 
and  social  stronghold  of  the  freeman  within  which  his  will 
was  supreme  and  power  was  lodged  in  the  assembly  of  patrician 
warriors.  Is  it  not  so  today  in  a  degree,  he  unfortunately 
remarked  in  his  newspaper  article. 

Some  years  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  Gertrude,  he  came 
again  to  America  and  married  our  young  "Pacific  Coaster," 
whose  aspirations  regarding  herself  had  actually  come  true. 
She  owned  a  newspaper  in  a  State  which  gave  equal  suffrage 
to  women.  Her  father  had  become  to  be  enormously  rich 
since  that  day  in  1850  when  gold  was  discovered  in  California. 
Gertrude  was  the  wife  of  Felix's  heart ;  the  "Pacific  Coaster" 
was  the  wife  of  his  brain.  She  was  truly  clever  and  he  re 
spected  her  opinions  and  was  glad  to  rear  his  two  boys  in 
a  State  where  they  could  not  see  an  open  salon.  "The  Em 
peror  I  see,"  he  one  day  remarked,  has  foresworn  his  famous 
beer  and  choice  wines.  How  everything  is  changing !" 


When  the  Baroness  von  Siittner  came  to  this  country  to 
lecture  on  peace  and  arbitration,  invited  by  the  Federated  Lit 
erary  Clubs  of  America.  Felix  von  Lubke  and  his  wife  gave  a 
dinner  for  her.     "Think  of  a  newspaper  man,"  hi-  said  to  his 
wife  the  next    morning,   "entertaining  an   Austrian   Baror. 
The  old  Ivejchtenstein  blood  of  Austria  would  boil  over  at  such 
a  state  of  things.    I  must  go  back  to  Germany  for  a  few  we- 
Since  I  have  listened  to  this  lecture  I  feel  /  must  go  and  talk 
in  the  old  Academy  of  Berlin  and  warn  them  of  what  many 
people  think  is  coming  to  pass — a  big  European  war." 

His  wife  looked  at  him  with  astonishment.  "Do  you  sup 
pose  for  a  moment  anyone  would  take  heed?  No!  Felix, 
don't  be  so  foolish.  If  they  want  starving  thousands  to  care 
for,  if  they  want  to  bring  down  the  reproach  of  the  whole 
world  and  make  ruin  and  desolation,  we  must  in  this  country 
be  calm ;  that  is  our  right.  I  have  great  respect  for  the  Em 
peror,  for  I  believe  'he  that  overcometh  himself  is  greater  than 
he  that  taketh  a  city.'  That  is  enough  glory,  nicht  ivahr?"  she 
quaintly  said  and  looked  up  at  Felix  with  a  good-natured  smile. 
But  Felix  had  not  taken  the  advice  of  his  first  wife,  nor  did 
he  take  the  advice  of  his  second  wife.  He  sailed  for  Germany. 
He  spoke  in  an  oratorical  way  before  a  vast  audience  in  Berlin 
the  following:  "Some  day,  instead  of  Germany  fighting  for 
conquest  and  expansion,  she  will  fight  for  her  very  existence, 
if  she  persists  in  going  to  war  in  the  twentieth  century.  The 
masses  want  peace.  The  vengeful  policy  of  the  Army  want 
war.  Keep  on  voting  for  your  sinews  of  war.  Why  it  is  said 
you  are  even  teaching  the  Turks  your  modes  of  warfare,  and 
that  Japan  has  stored  away  enough  supplies  from  the  Krupp 
manufacturers  to  help  her  take  a  nation.  I  am  not  trying  to 
stir  up  a  tumult ;  I  am  here  in  the  interest  of  peace  and  good 
will.  Ah!  Germany,  my  Vaterland,  the  land  of  the  great 
Reformation,  the  land  of  the  printing  press,  of  inspired  music. 
the  harmony  of  the  soul,  will  you  be  so  unwise  as  to  bring  on 
devastation  upon  your  neighbors,  slaughter  and  aggression. 
cruelty?  Ah!  let  us  have  the  pocsic  drs  Lrbcus.  /.iV/v.'  nicht 
hass!  frcundschaft,  nicht  feindscliaft.'  Recall  the  imposing 
scene  when  Prince  Henry  took  his  friendly  trip  to  America- 
I'ntcr  den  Linden  resounded  with  joyfulncss;  will  you  C 
it  to  resound  with  the  clash  of  swords?  The  ^reat  Holu-n- 
/ollcrn  dynasty  has  had  to  contend,  as  one  of  your  learned  < 
man  professors  teaches  in  your  great  university,  with  a  thou 
sand  traditional  private  rights,  and  today  there  exists  in  Pru<- 
ria  iri.nnn  manors,  the  survival  of  the  patrimonial  authorities. 
These  conditions  could  not  be  changed  by  the  ^n  alone 

hut  the  Sovereign  can  change  other  conditions.     Are  you  simply 
waiting  for  a  pretext  for  war?     It  surely  will  come.     Mark 


my  word !  The  Austrian  Baroness  von  Stittner,  who  has  been 
lecturing  in  America  calls  war  'systematic  massacre.'  'You 
know  that  I  myself/  she  remarked,  'am  an  old  warrior  in  the 
struggle  to  have  nations  understand  one  another.  When  I 
go  home  and  tell  the  European  women  how  it  is  that  America 
is  fifty  years  in  advance  of  Europe,  ethically,  and  especially 
the  American  women ;  how  heroic  and  alert  they  are  and  that 
they  are  not  for  war  and  glory  nor  does  the  American  press 
ridicule  the  peace  advocates,  they  will  scarcely  believe  me. 
Alas !  we  Europeans  are  filled  with  a  struggle  that  never  seems 
to  attain  that  for  which  we  struggle,'  said  she. 

"It  is  pleasant  indeed  when  foreigners  receive  such  good 
impressions  of  the  United  States,  for  frequently  the  hurly-burly 
of  politics,  the  turmoil,  commotion  and  confusion  produced 
by  party  politics,  certainly  does  not  humanize  or  reclaim  us 
from  barbarism.  Then  again  this  commotion  is  full  of  inter 
est.  When  the  Triumvirate  as  politicians  called  the  three  men 
in  the  arena  not  long  since  were  contending.  An  American 
asked  a  foreigner:  Who  will  win?  The  leading  judge  and 
jurist,  a  consistent  servant  of  the  State,  a  calm,  amiable  man 
by  nature  who  works  much  for  International  Peace,  or  the 
leader  who,  because  of  the  exigencies  of  the  times,  thinks  a 
new  and  more  progressive  party  is  necessary,  who  because 
of  his  genius  has  in  the  past  riveted  the  attention  of  the  mul 
titude  ;  or  the  third  man,  scholarly,  staunch  in  principles,  logical, 
rhetorical  and  severe.  Who  will  win? 

"And  the  foreigner  replied :  'How  can  I  tell  ?  That  is  what 
makes  your  American  politics  so  interesting.  One  can  never 
tell  what  will  come  to  pass/ 

"I  wish  to  say  to  you  before  closing,"  continued  Felix  von 
Liibke,  "that  the  Americans  are  very  partial  to  Germany  and 
feel  a  vital  interest  in  all  of  its  life  and  achievements,  northern 
Germany  and  southern  Germany.  If  Queen  Louise  is  dear  to 
their  hearts,  and  the  Teutonic  knights  and  their  restored  castle 
interesting  to  historic  students,  and  the  amber  coast  of  the 
Baltic — so  is  Maria  Theresa  and  Beethoven's  City,  beautiful 
Vienna.  If  Baron  von  Stein  was  a  great  statesman  in  their  esti 
mation,  Metternich  had  his  superior  qualities.  If  Handel  and 
Bach  and  Mendelssohn  charm  them,  so  does  Schubert  and 
Bethoven  and  Strauss.  If  the  visit  of  Prince  Henry  brought 
happiness  to  many  in  America,  so  has  the  recent  visit  of  the 
Baroness  von  Siittner.  Up  and  down  the  Rhine,  to  Dresden 
and  Weimer,  to  Berlin  and  Danzig,  to  Cassel  and  Vienna,  to 
Heidelburg  and  back  to  Jena  and  Dusseldorf  and  Leipsig — you 
certainly  will  not  throw  all  of  this  genius  into  the  pit  of  cruel 
war  and  make  the  world  hate  you. 


The  Americans  have  seen  The  Wartburg,  Ehrenbreistein, 
The  Thiiringer  \\'ald,  Berlin,  Dresden,  VVeimer.  They  know 
the  art  and  industries,  the  poetry  and  song  of  the  Vaterland, 
but  heaven  forbid  that  they  ever  come  to  know  the  Krupp 
manufacture.  Heaven  forbid  ! !  I  trust  American  women  may 
never  be  employed  as  you  employ  one  thousand  three  hundred 
at  Essen." 

The  steamer  on  which  Felix  von  Liibke  sailed  for  home  WENT 
DOWN.  His  last  words  were:  "I  tried  to  warn  them — and  may 

God  receive  my  soul." 

******* 

From  the  amber  shores  of  the  Baltic  to  the  blue  Adriatic,  the 
world  has  no  peace,  no  comfort,  no  happiness,  in  consequence 
of  the  awful  war  constructed  and  sustained  and  persisted  in, 
on  principles  one  dare  not  define. 

PART  II. 

ENGLAND  AGAIN 
"\V.\s  GOVERNOR  ST.  CLAIR  ACQUAINTED  WITH  THIS  HOUSE?" 

"A    MAN    EVIDENTLY    IMBUED    WITH    A    SENTIMENT    OF    ORDER, 

LAW  AND  PRIDE  OF  STATESMANSHIP." 
"THE    MOST    SERIOUS    INTERNATIONAL    MENACE    IS /'    SAID 

THE  ENGLISHMAN.     I  REGARD  IT ." 

"HE  WILL  CONSIDER  YOUR  POINT  OF  VIEW  AS  WELL  AS  OUR  OWN. 

BUT  REMEMBER/'  SAID  THE    DUKE   OF    WELLINGTON, 
"WHATEVER  THE  ENGLISH  DO,  BE  SURE  IT  WILL  BE  DONE 

BY  THE  ACT  OF  PARLIAMENT/' 


SECOND  PART. — England  Again. 

"And  this  is  Scott's  sword,  a  fine  Damascus  blade  it  is. 
How  strange  that  I  should  see  it  away  off  here  in  the  Middle 
States — and  this  you  tell  me  is  the  portrait  of  the  man  who 
secured  it,  and  who  was  wounded  in  that  dark  and  dreadful 
night  at  Chippewa.  Drummond  fell  within  six  feet  you  say  ? 
Scott  belonged  to  the  103d  Royal  Regiment,  as  I  recollect." 

"Yes,"  she  said,  looking  with  a  bright  open  countenance 
into  the  face  of  the  English  people  who  had  called  at  her  home 
to  see  this  historic  relic.  "Will  you  not  stay  to  dinner?"  she 
politely  said.  "Your  car  can  be  accommodated  in  one  of  the 
garages  near  by." 

"How  will  that  be?"  asked  the  leader.  "Shall  we  reach  the 
Lake  in  time  for  the  conference  if  we  delay?  What  do  you 
think  about  it?" 

"Ah!  I  fancy,"  said  one  of  the  ladies. 

"Agreed  then — thanks  very  many,"  they  said,  as  they  re 
moved  their  wraps  and  followed  their  hostess  to  the  dining 
room. 


There  were  no  tapestries  in  this  splendid  old  house;  there 
were  no  helmets  and  gauntlets  and  trappings  of  former  ages — 
but  there  were  portraits  and  books  and  prints,  and  silver  and 
glass  and  mahogany,  and  above  all  there  was  a  copy  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  the  original  of  which  Dolly  Madi 
son  had  saved  in  1814,  when  the  White  House  was  burned  by 
the  British,  and  a  large  photograph  of  the  Stuart  portrait  of 
Washington,  which  Mrs.  Madison  also  saved  at  the  same  time. 

The  English  visitors  looked  serious,  but  were  very  agree 
able,  replete  with  all  that  goes  to  make  up  their  worth  and 
superior  minds. 

"Did  St.  Clair  know  this  home?"  one  of  them  asked. 

"No,  I  think  not — at  that  time  here  in  New  York  such  homes 
were  being  built — he  was  Governor  of  the  Northwest  Terri 
tory." 

"Not  a  man  of  genius,  do  you  think?"  said  the  hostess,  "but 
self -sacrificing,  a  quality  Washington  recognized  in  people  and 
you  know  he  gave  St.  Clair  his  friendship  always.  He  was 
with  Schuyler  here  in  New  York." 

"But  the  government,  how  about  that?"  asked  the  English 
visitor,  "for  his  services.  A  lodging  place  in  the  wilderness, 
the  crater  or  cup  containing  his  portion  (the  grail),  I  trust, 
nourished  him.  Ah !  we  Anglo-Saxons  are  like  children  mak 
ing  up  our  quarrels ;  are  we  not  ?  But  it  will  soon  all  be  over 
and  forgotten.  I  expect  to  speak  at  the  Peace  Conference." 

"Oh !  I  wish  I  could  attend ;  I  never  have  been  at  Lake  Mo 
hawk,  although  it  is  so  near." 

"We  have  been  taught  to  believe,"  she  continued,  "that  the 
English  did  not  feel  their  losses  in  America  very  much,  that 
a  country  that  soon  came  in  possession  of  millions  of  Asiatics 
and  who  owns  Hongkong,  the  Transvaal  Colony,  Canada,  and 
what  not,  is  about  ready  to  be  contented." 

They  all  laugh  at  the  vivacity  of  their  hostess. 

"Our  Australia  with  her  federal  Union,"  said  a  lady  of 
the  party,  "is  surely  ideal ;  wonderful  climate  you  know  *  *  *." 

"Perhaps  Cecil  Rhodes'  dream  will  come  true  some  day  and 
Cape  Colony  will  be  federated  like  Australia,"  said  the  Ameri 
can  hostess.  "You  were  indeed  clever  to  help  Russia  during 
the  Crimean  war.  Your  route  to  your  Eastern  possessions 
through  the  Bosphorus  to  the  Mediterranean  were  secured  in  a 
diplomatic  way.  We  travelled  often  through  that  portion  of 
Europe,"  said  she. 

"\\hat  wonderful  travellers  you  Americans  are!" 

"Yes,"  she  replied,  "we  used  to  be  much  amused  over  some 
French  people,  their  way  of  characterizing  the  English.  'The 
English,'  they  would  say,  'desire  for  themselves  and  their 
country  power  and  wealth,  conquest,  vast  colonies,  all  the 


Gibraltars  and  St.  Helena's  eagle's  nests,  by  which  all  seas  and 
all  shores  are  commanded  for  one's  self,  aristocratic  parks, 
seats  in  the  House  of  Lords,  a  tomb  in  Westminster.1  " 

"Fine!  I  wish  I  could  make  the  acquaintance  of  a  French 
man  who  is  willing  to  admit  all  of  this  about  us,"  exclaimed  the 
Englishman. 

'Thanks,  very  many  again,  for  your  kind  hospitality.  When 
you  are  in  London  come  to  see  us  ;  send  your  card  at  once ;  here 
is  our  permanent  address,"  said  the  British  traveler,  a  man 
evidently  imbued  with  a  sentiment  of  order  and  respect  for 
rank,  and  pride  of  statesmanship. 

"This  has,  indeed,  been  a  pleasure ;  sorry  to  say  Good-bye," 
said  the  winning  hostess  as  she  clasped  hands  with  them  all 
in  a  real  good  American  fashion. 

"Your  home  has  reminded  us  of  a  typical  manor  house  of 
Knight  and  Squire  of  England,  most  attractive ;  the  large  hall 
the  most  important  feature  of  the  early  Saxon,  you  know.  I 
wish  I  might  know  historical  facts  concerning  the  associations 
of  this  grand  old  New  York  home,"  said  one  of  the  English 
ladies. 

"Yes,"  the  other  one  remarked,  "even  the  adornments,  the 
chimneys,  doorways,  staircases  all  are  so  harmonious  and 
beautiful.  Do  allow  us  to  thank  you  once  again  for  receiving 
us  so  kindly,"  she  said,  as  she  offered  her  hand  to  her  hostess. 

The  Mohawk  Lake  Conference  was  opened  with  the  fol 
lowing  remarks :  "The  world  is  undergoing  a  marvelous  change. 
The  Christian  Church  is  being  called  upon  to  set  aside  denomi- 
nationalism ;  countries  are  called  upon  to  break  down  the  bitter 
national  boundaries.  Furthermore,  the  financial  and  credit 
system  which  has  been  built  up  to  meet  the  needs  of  this 
universal  trading  has  woven  its  network  over  all  the  earth 
and  made  every  part  of  it  sensitive  to  disturbances  in  the  other 
part.  International  scientific  expeditions  and  educational  ex 
changes  are  now  a  part  of  the  order  of  the  day.  International 
congresses  and  conferences  make  up  the  most  conspicuous  phase 
of  international  life  with  their  splendid  programs."  Here  he 
stopped  and  paused.  The  audience  rose  to  greet  the  incoming 
speaker  as  the  chairman  said:  "We  have  with  us  today  a  dis 
tinguished  Englishman  as  well  as  our  political  missionary  who 
has  given  $1,500,000  for  a  Temple  of  Peace,  a  home  for  a 
permanent  Court  of  Arbitration.  How  important  are  the  con 
ferences,"  he  exclaimed,  "as  he  took  his  seat,  and  the  English 
man  began  at  once. 

"I  declare  without  hesitancy,"  he  remarked,  "that  the  self 
ishness  of  armament  manufacturers,  their  utter  lack  of  patriot 
ism  or  conscience  in  their  trade  of  death  is,  according  to  the 
belief  of  many  of  us,  the  most  serious  international  menace. 


I  trust  we  Anglo-Saxon  people  will  make  no  more  mistakes 
in  our  relations,  but  cultivate  in  every  possible  way  peace  and 
good  will.  We  are  soon  to  celebrate  the  hundred  years  of 
peace  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  at  Ghent. 
As  many  of  you  as  can,  come !  and  welcome !  We  have  already 
so  many  beautiful  American  women  married  to  our  titled 
men  who  prize  their  wedding  ring  more  than  their  diamond 
coronets  that  that  relationship  alone  should  bind  us  as  nations 
more  closely  together.  Let  us  forget  the  day  when  seven 
thousand  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  English  and  Hessian 
soldiers  laid  down  their  arms  and  delivered  their  standards, 
and  how  mortified  and  rageful  our  King  was.  Let  us  rather 
remember  that  Sir  Guy  Carlton  took  possession,  and  things 
from  that  moment  became  more  reasonable.  In  other  words, 
let  us  recall  the  good  and  not  the  bad  in  our  history  and  in 
yours." 

^  The  English  party  was  feted  and  banqueted  all  over  America. 
The  daughters  of  the  Dowager  Countess  were  thought  to  be 
ideal,  resembling  ladies  such  as  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  painted, 
and  the  American  women  were  never  so  happy  as  when  listen 
ing  to  descriptions  of  English  homes  or  its  cathedrals  or  castles, 
Parliament,  the  universities,  the  galleries. 

They  were  gorgeously  entertained  in  Washington.  The  adieu 
on  the  steamer  was  truly  touching.  "Never  mind,"  they  cried 
out,  "we  will  persuade  Viscount  Haldane  Lord  Chancellor  to 
come  in  the  future  and  talk  to  you  about  Law  and  Ethics ;  will 
you  go  to  Montreal  to  hear  him  ?  He  will  consider  your  point 
of  view  as  well  as  our  own,  for  he  is  a  great  man.  Good-bye 
and  Good-bye,"  they  said,  as  the  big  steamer  moved  slowly 
from  her  moorings. 

England  never  seemed  richer,  never  more  beautiful,  nor 
more  abundant  in  its  resources,  more  interesting  socially.  Lords, 
Dukes,  Earls,  British  museums,  Westminster,  Oxford  and 
Cambridge  never  appeared  of  more  importance.  Opulence, 
tradition,  literature !  "What  have  we  not  ?"  they  asked  of  one 
another,  as  they  settled  down  on  deck,  homeward  bound.  Yet 
they  felt  they  had  been  on  a  charming  vacation ;  seen  a  new 
world,  lived  in  fresher  air,  in  a  great  open  country,  breathing 
a  different  oxygen,  throwing  off  the  accumulative  thoughts  of 
centuries,  beginning  to  think  in  more  genuine  ways.  "Why 
would  not  these  trips  to  America,  if  taken  more  frequently," 
said  one  of  them,  "do  us  a  lot  of  good?  It  is  a  play  ground 
compared  to  a  school  house." 

It  was  indeed  a  school  house,  a  hospital,  a  camp,  a  battle 
field,  a  sinking  navy  and  a  destruction  of  life  and  happiness 
to  which  they  were  going.  "The  Red  Book  will  tell  you  why 
we  are  at  war,"  they  wrote  pitifully  to  their  American  friends. 


"The  tardy  measures  of  our  government  to  recognize  these 
realities  may  surprise  many  of  you  ;  the  question  whether  South 
eastern  Europe  shall  be  under  Teutonic  control  and  lost  to 
Russian  influence  is  only  one  among  the  many  difficult  q 
tions  this  awful  war  will  decide.  See  page  5,">  of  our  Red 
Book  I  am  sending  you.  \Ye  all  know  the  country  which  ad 
heres  to  barbaric  principles — that  might  is  right.  As  to  our 
peace  pageant  and  celebration  which  was  to  have  been  held 
at  Ghent,  Ghent  being  in  the  grip  of  war,  I  think  your  idea  of 
Lexington  is  good.  Let  us  thank  God  that  our  two  nations 
have  been  at  peace  for  one  hundred  years,  and  hope  that  no 
more  mutual  distrust  will  arise.  Let  us  cultivate  the  poise, 
self-restraint  and  unfailing  intuitions  of  your  fine  President 
and  our  late  British  Ambassador  Viscount  Bryce.  He  ever 
praises  the  warm-heartedness  of  Americans,  their  compassion 
ate  sensitiveness  for  suffering  and  open-handed  generosity 
which  they  are  now,  for  instance,  showing  Belgium.  The 
anarchy  of  force  must  disappear  among  nations  as  it  has  among 
individuals.  More  unselfishness,  less  greed.  We  are  all  guilty 
of  it !  Matthew  Arnold,  although  delighting  in  "Sweetness  and 
Light,"  admitted  that  he  was  not  unselfish  like  his  venerated 
father— 

"Sadly  we  answer:  we  bring 

Only  ourselves ;  we  lost 

Sight  of  the  rest  in  the  storm. 

But  thou  would'st  not  alone 

Be  saved,  father,  alone 

Conquer  and  come  to  thy  goal — 

Languor  was  not  in  thy  heart, 

Weakness  was  not  in  thy  word." 

"Unselfishness  is  the  great  lesson  for  individuals  and  nations. 
We  have  sent  unselfish  people  to  your  shores  like  Lady  Henry 
Somerset  and  the  daughter  of  Lord  Carlisle.  You  have  sent 
earnest  rich  American  women  to  our  shores.  Let  us  not  forget 
the  close  relationship  of  the  twentieth  century.  Should  you 
rather  be  known  for  the  astounding  bravery  of  young  Campbell, 
of  the  First  Canadian  Battalion  at  Givenchy,  or  of  Commodore 
Perry,  or  of  Kipling,  who  writes:  'Lest  we  forget — Lest  we 
forget' ;  or  as  young  Astor,  who  saves  others  and  loses  him 
self  ;  or  a  young  Robert  Lansing,  standing  at  the  helm  of 
the  great  State  Department,  drafting  the  American  notes,  to 
which  comes  the  answer,  Germany  says  she  will  recede  from 
war-zone  decree  if  Great  Britain  will  raise  foodstuff  embargo. 
Which  form  of  unselfishness  appeals  to  you,  young  American 
men?  Learn  to  stand  for  some  one  idea  which  will  help  the 
world. 


SCOTLAND 

The  Scotch  family  with  whom  we  have  already  become  some 
what  acquainted  was  made  up  of  men  and  women  familiar 
with  the  world  and  its  affairs.  Having  by  marriage  been  united 

with  the  great  house  of  Argyle,  and  the  McH s  being  people 

of  character  and  calibre  themselves,  it  is  easy  to  understand 
the  upward  tendency  of  the  careers  of  those  who  were  brave 
enough  in  those  early  days  to  cross  the  ocean  and  seek  their 

destinies  in  the  new  world.  The  brother,  John  McH , 

succeeded  a  distinguished  General  in  command  in  the  North 
west  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  Hugh 

McH ,  his  "Bonny"  wife,  lived  a  peaceful  and  beautiful 

life  at  their  fireside,  revelling  in  thought  over  the  broad  acres 
they  had  acquired,  and  the  fine  marriages  of  their  children, 
one  of  whom  returned  to  Scotland  with  her  husband,  a  wealthy 
man,  born  to  influence  and  govern  others.  A  beautiful  daugh 
ter  with  masses  of  golden  hair  puffed  carelessly  on  either  side, 
and  aquiline  nose,  lips  of  pure  coral  cameo  in  cut  brown  eyes, 
became  as  many  women  in  their  age  have  become,  intent  upon 
the  uplift  of  others ;  and  spoke  frequently  on  the  platform 
in  the  interest  of  trade  unions.  She  came  to  America  and 
stayed  with  her  dear  old  grandparents,  who  felt  considerably 
worried  over  this  public  life  their  granddaughter  had  insisted 
upon. 

"Father  does  not  like  it  either,"  said  the  young  orator.  "But 
you  know  that  is  because  he  and  I  do  not  agree ;  and  it  worries 
dear  mother  I'm  sorry  to  say ." 

"Then  why,  my  dear  child,"  said  the  anxious  grandparent, 
"do  you  persist  in  it?" 

"I  do  not  persist  in  it  in  any  distempered  feeling,"  she  quick 
ly  replied,  looking  all  unconscious  of  self,  as  she  stood  there 
in  a  gauzy  black  dress  with  the  glow  of  the  firelight  on  her 
splendid  auburn  hair  and  white  throat,  clasped  by  a  strand 
of  gold  beads ;  "but  you  know,  dear  grandmother,  father  is  so 
rich  a  man,  he  seems  not  to  be  aware  of  many  conditions  in 
his  enormous  business  which  I,  as  a  young  girl,  have  had  time 
to  study  and  ponder  over  the  solution  of,  if  there  is  a  solution." 

"What  for  instance?"  asked  the  aged  Hugh  McH of  his 

charming  grand-daughter. 

"Well,  you  think  it  wrong  if  the  poor  chain  makers  act  in 
their  own  defense  in  order  to  double  their  wages." 

"Yes,  I  think  it  wrong,  Catherine ;  it  causes  strikes  and  makes 
havoc  with  the  affairs  of  a  country." 

"Well,  then,"  said  she,  "let  the  bad  results  come  to  my  ac 
count.  I  will  go  on  trusting  God  for  the  oppressed ;  we  women 


are  Nature's  priestesses  ;  our  clear  minds  are  fraught  some 
times  with  divine  messages.  'Go  work  in  my  vineyard.'  A 
great  woman  in  England  heard  this  call  and  she  went!  And 
she  is  editor  now  of  the  ll\nnun's  ll'orkcr,  which  has  a  circula 
tion  of  50,000,  and  it  wa->  ^he  who  procured  double  wage-  at 
CVadley  Heath  for  the  chain  makers. 

"1  am  thankful."  said  the  dear,  gentle-hearted  grandmother, 
"that  conditions  in  this  country  are  indeed  much  better.  Of 
course,  your  father  knows  best  what  wages  to  give  his  workers 


"Yes.  hut  I  want  to  tell  you,  grandmother,  that  there 
an  official  parliamentary  dinner  given  to  this  great  English 
woman  whose  figures  presented  in  a  platform  speech  were  so 
convincing  no  one  could  fail  to  see  the  evil  -  ." 

"I  should  like  to  see  them,"  said  Hugh  McH  -  ;  "are  they 
anywhere  in  print?" 

"Yes,"  said  Catherine.  "I  have  the  pamphlet  in  my  trunk. 
It  begins,  as  I  remember,  with  the  legend  of  the  Scotch  thistle: 
Unperceived  in  the  dead  of  night,  and  halting  while  their  spies 
were  trying  to  discern  the  undefended  forts  of  their  opponents' 
camp,  one  of  the  spies  chanced  to  tread  upon  a  thistle  and  the 
loud  imprecations  which  the  sudden  pain  occasioned  aroused 
the  unsuspecting  Scots,  who  at  once  attacked  the  invaders, 
gained  a  complete  victory  and  dubbed  the  plant  which  had  been 
the  means  of  their  success,  the  Scotch  thistle.  That  is  what 
the  working  women  in  father's  factories  call  me.  Oh,  they  love 
me  beyond  anything,"  exclaimed  Catherine.  I  am  the  Scotch 
thistle." 

"You  have,  I  see,"  said  her  grandfather,  "a  proud  consist 
ency  of  will,  my  child,  but  beware  of  arrogance  and  presump 
tion.  These  great  questions  must  be  left  to  the  ripening  in 
fluences  of  time  and  not  dragged  into  premature  discussion." 


IRELAND  AGAIN 

On  a  certain  evening  an  Irishman,  also  an  orator,  followed 
Catherine's  speech.  "Now,"  he  said,  "how  the  best  intentions 
of  British  statesmen  and  legislators  may  be  frustrated  by  sec 
tarian  sectionalism.  The  peculiar  trait  of  Irish  character 
wit  even  touches  our  religion  sometimes.  The  spiritual  and 
ethical  training  which  other  countries  have  enjoyed  beyond 
us  leads  them  into  dense  mysticism  sometimes,  while  the  bright 
green,  the  original  element  of  things,  shows  out  in  Ireland  in 
spite  of  the  fogs. 

"As  a  badge  in  Ireland,  St.  Patrick  made  use  of  the  three- 
leaf  clover  to  illustrate  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  as  the 
Edelweiss  of  Switzerland  is  dear  to  them;  or  the  wild  myrtle 


to  the  clan  Tartan."  Just  here  he  made  a  low  bow  to  the  Scotch 
lady,  who  had  just  spoken,  so  we  lay  great  stress  upon  the 
three-leafed  clover. 

"You  believe  in  Irish  home  rule — so  do  I.  We  are  related. 
The  Mayflower  brought  over  one  who  served  as  Lieutenant  in 
King  Philip's  War,  equipped  with  gun,  pistol,  sword,  halberd. 
The  gun,  they  say,  was  seven  feet  four  and  one-half  inches 
long,  and  weighed  over  twenty  pounds.  An  Irishman  born 
in  Cork,  a  practical  man,  a  scientist,  also  a  soldier,  a  diplomat,  a 
statesman  he  proved  to  be.  And  you  have  hung  up  his  relics 
in  your  Pilgrim  hall  at  Plymouth.  I  went  to  see  them.  I  also 
bought  some  land  nearby.  Have  you  any  objections.  If  so, 
1  will  return  without  paying  taxes  and  let  it  be  taken  in  again." 

The  audience  roared  laughing. 

You  know  the  present-day  conditions  governing  farmers  in 
Ireland  is  calculated  to  make  us  rich.  The  rural  credit  system 
is  indeed  good.  If  applied  here  in  America  it  might  result  in  an 
impetus  to  your  agriculture.  It  makes  a  wonderful  difference 
whether  land  is  tilled  by  tenants  or  by  owners. 

There  is  much  regeneration  going  on  in  Ireland.  Come  over, 
all  of  you,  to  see  the  Emerald  Isle,  and  you  will  observe  bright, 
cheerful,  pretty  women,  dressed  in  green  cloth  coats  and  hats 
with  plumes,  walking  on  our  streets,  rosy  cheeks,  and  you  will 
find  no  dust  in  our  homes,  for  we  are  tidy  and  neat,  and  heir 
looms  are  kept  throughout  generations.  Just  a  little  dirt  and 
rubbish  in  Dublin.  (Uproar  of  laughter.) 

'  'Nor  war  nor  peace  forever ;  old  and  young, 
But  strength  my  theme,  whose  song  is  yet  unsung, 
The  people's  strength,  the  deep  alluring  dreams 
Of  truths  that  seethe  below  the  truths  that  seem.' 

"These  lines  were  written  by  a  modern  Irish  poet  of  America, 
and  they  are  fine,  according  to  my  ways  of  thinking,"  he  said, 
while  he  politely  bowed  himself  off  and  down  from  the  plat 
form. 

PART  II. 

HOLLAND  AGAIN 

THE  SYMPATHY  OF  UPRIGHT  AND  INTELLIGENT  MINDS. 

BEARING  VARIOUS  SYMBOLS. 

SPEAKING  IN  VARIOUS  LANGUAGES  TO  EACH. 

No  NOTE  OF  DISCORD  PRODUCED  BY  OPULENCE. 

O 

PART  II. — Holland  Again. 

At  the  annual  dinner  given  by  the  Holland  Society  in  New 
York,  one  of  the  multi-millionaires  declared  that  Holland  stood 
supreme  and  alone  among  the  nations  as  having  in  our  own  day 


held  in  its  capital  The  Hague,  the  Peace  Conference  which 
called  by  the  Kmpcror  of  Russia,  and  which  was  to  he  the 
surprise  of  many  and  the  joy  of  all.  succeeded  in  creating  an 
international  tribunal  for  the  settlement  of  international  <li- 
putes.  "The  civilized  world,"  continued  the  speaker,  never 
took  before  so  i;rvat  a  hound  forward,  and  history  is  to  record 
that  from  the  day  of  this  meeting  of  the  nations,  in  friendly 
brotherhood,  desiring  of  banishing  the  foulest  blot  upon  civili 
zation  the  killing  of  man  by  man  in  battle,  the  world's  trium 
phant  march  began  'Peace  on  earth;  among  men  good  will.'  ' 

Near  the  speaker  sat  a  typical  Dutch  woman,  clad  in  scarlet 
velvet,  embroidered  in  seed  pearls  and  a  corsage  of  gold  thread 
and  gems.  Truly  like  the  wife  of  Rembrandt  did  she  appear. 
She  was  a  queen  amongst  American  Hollanders — a  New  Am 
sterdam  Queen. 

"Will  you  tell  us,  Mrs.  Van  Wart,  what  you  have  recently 
heard  regarding  the  Netherlands?"  said  the  Master  of  Cere 
monies." 

"I  am  unaccustomed  to  speak,  Mr.  Chairman,  even  at  a  ban 
quet,"  she  replied,  "but  for  the  love  I  bear  my  Motherland  I 
shall  attempt  to  tell  you  that  a  man  most  self-possessed  familiar 
with  rhetoric,  I  fancy,  and  with  elocution  polished  and  master 
ful  in  invective  and  humorous  also,  said  in  the  hearing  of  a 
vast  crowd  only  the  other  day  that  nothing  in  the  history  of 
the  modern  world  has  as  yet  so  strongly  and  so  worthily  ex 
cited  the  sympathy  of  upright  and  intelligent  minds  as  the 
struggle  in  which  the  Netherlands  engaged  in  for  independence, 
for  their  civil  and  religious  liberties  and  never  was  a  good  cause 
more  virtuously  and  gloriously  defended." 

"Good!  great!"  exclaimed  the  banqueters.  "I  must  add," 
said  Chevalier  Van  Oosten,  rising  from  his  seat,  "that  from 
the  Dutch  wars  were  the  seeds  of  English  Republicanism  im 
ported.  Other  people,  seeing  the  prosperity  of  the  Dutch,  im 
puted  it  to  the  form  of  government  or  of  their  commonwealth, 
while  others  who  had  imbibed  from  their  classical  studies  preju 
dices  against  a  popular  government  warned  themselves  and 
others  to  beware  of  it." 

The  Honorable  Nicholas  Benkendorf  was  next  called  upon 
to  speak.  He  said :  "William  of  Orange  in  his  quiet  un 
pretentious  palace  at  Delft,  so  unsuspecting  in  his  nature,  so 
ready  for  sacrifices  of  all  kinds,  so  Christlikc  in  praying  for 
hi^  enemies  who  took  his  life,  left  a  new  era  with  the  seal  of 
sacrifice  stamped  upon  it.  He  was  not  a  man  of  genius,  as 
many  others  of  our  countrymen  have  been,  and  still  are!  but 
he  accomplished  in  a  comparatively  short  time  the  labor  of 
centuries."  Happy  is  the  man  who  can  so  work.  Let  us  not 
crucify  our  leaders,  but  try  to  understand  them  and  their 


missions.  Leaders  who  dissipate  the  darkness  of  their  epoch 
and  throw  light  like  Rembrandt's  picture  on  'The  Night  Watch.' 

"You  will  all  admit  it  requires  consummate  ability  to  be  a 
great  commoner.  For  instance,  the  lines  have  to  be  drawn 
so  delicately.  Goethe  would  have  called  in  his  day  disloyalty 
in  Germany  many  ideas  and  actions  which  today  are  permitted. 

One  of  our  good  Burgermeisters,  Stephen  Van ,  used  to 

say :  'Do  not  let  unsubstantial  dreams  or  audacity  of  utterance 
deceive  you.  Take  the  man  who  shows  vigor  and  zeal  and 
broad  culture,  such  a  man  can  bring  great  and  new  ideas  into 
prominence ;  but  first  oblige  him  to  reduce  or  formulate  those 
ideas  into  principles  well  defined.'  The  practical  side  of  reforms 
can  alone  be  demonstrated  by  time.  William  of  Orange  was 
a  staunch  champion  of  popular  rights  as  well  as  a  great  states 
man.  In  Germany  they  say  'Napoleon  revolutionized  without 
reforming,  while  Luther  reformed  without  revolutionizing.' ': 

The  Queen  of  Holland  was  interested  in  hearing  the  reports 
of  this  dinner  given  in  New  York  by  the  New  Amsterdam  peo 
ple.  The  Hague  had  just  been  selected  as  the  place  for  the 
meeting  of  the  delegates  chosen  to  consider  Emperor  Nicholas 
II. 's  proposal  for  a  conference  which  should  seek  to  arrest  or 
"put  an  end  to  the  constantly  increasing  development  of  arma 
ment." 

We  are  told  by  an  eminent  representative  at  this  confer 
ence  "that  it  is  a  curious  fact  that  over  the  front  entrance  of 
the  'House  in  the  Wood'  which  was  arranged  for  the  open 
session,  there  is  a  painting  representing  Peace  descending  from 
heaven,  bearing  various  symbols,  and  apparently  entering  the 
hall.  To  this  Netherland  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  made  a 
graceful  allusion."  Was  it  the  genius  of  prophecy  which  caused 
one  of  Ruben's  pupils  to  so  decorate  this  hall?* 

When  the  Dutch  people  speak  we  have  always  observed  that 
it  is  with  much  weight,  not  ponderous,  but  important  and 
direct.  An  Amsterdam  paper  not  long  since  referred  to  the 
present  war  as  lamentable,  horrible,  and  that  the  violations  of 
laws,  "the  atrocious  interpretations  of  treaties,  the  inhuman 
and  devilish  contrivances  used  to  commit  murder  on  a  large 
scale  *  *  *"  obliged  one  to  ask  if  conscience  still  exists? 
When  Belgium's  neutrality  was  disregarded  and  submarines 
struck  death  blows  over  unprepared  people — the  torpedo  that 
hit  the  Lusitania  wounded  the  whole  world,"  they  exclaim. 

Governor  Stuyvesant  in  early  days  demanded  the  meaning 
of  King  Charles  II.  of  England,  giving  over  to  his  brother, 
the  Duke  of  York,  the  province  of  New  Amsterdam,  without 


*The  Hon.  Andrew   D.  White's  Autobiography,  by  permission  The 
Century  Co.,  Publishers. 


regard  to  the  rights  or  feelings  of  the  Hollanders — to  be  sure 
it  was  a  small  place  of  thirty  houses" — but  the  fire  of  their 
hearthstones  and  the  smoke  ascending  their  wooden  chimneys 
was  kindled  with  laughter  and  song,  and  the  ungainly  wind 
mills  outside  was  proof  that  the  people  had  families  and  meant 
to  feed  them."*  Roger  Williams,  the  great  peacemaker  of  Rhode 
Island  was  not  fonder  of  his  security  than  they  were  of  th« 
and  the  fur  trade  was  as  dear  to  them  as  anything  the  world 
knew  of  in  K'^il.  Manhattan  Island  (twenty  thousand  acres) 
had  been  sold  to  them  for  twenty-four  dollarsf — but  what  of 
that  ?  Is  that  any  reason  why  the  country  now  is  called  New 
York?  Your  reason,  gentlemen,  a  reason  I  demand. 

The  President  of  the  American  group  of  the  Interparlia 
mentary  Union  said :  I  regard  the  establishment  of  a  World 
Supreme  Court,  the  High  Court  at  The  Hague,  the  greatest 
achievement  of  the  last  century,  an  organization  now  com 
posed  of  over  two  thousand  members  of  national  legislative 
bodies,  who  believe  in  substituting  law  and  justice  for  force 
or  arbitration  for  war  in  the  settlement  of  international  dis 
putes.  Thirty-odd  governments  were  represented  at  The 
Hague,  the  preference  for  peace  against  war  in  this  enlightened 
age — for  /a?e'  and  order  and  justice  against  anarchy  of  force. 

Men  of  affairs  assembled  again  at  The  Hague.  The  ball 
room  of  the  palace  decorated  in  the  Empire  style  and  the  dining- 
room  whose  walls  are  adorned  with  Netherland  portraits 
were  again  opened.  Order  and  law  and  fine  consistence  char 
acterized  everything.  The  little  Queen  is  the  fairy  Queen  of 
all.  No  note  of  discord  produced  by  opulence.  She  had  followed 
in  thought  and  sympathy  the  difficulties  of  the  first  effort  to 
make  plans  for  a  permanent  tribunal  of  arbitration,  the  patient 
and  earnest  labors,  the  discouragement,  the  ridicule  of  the 
world — then  she  had  spoken  to  each  and  everyone  of  the 
committee  in  their  various  languages.  Now  the  great  Peace 
Palace  was  to  be  dedicated.  "What  had  not  the  golden  rule 
wrought,  through  tedious  experiences  and  reforming  zeal." 
"Now  men  of  all  nations  walk  arm  in  arm  around  the  spa 
cious  walls  with  all  allowances  of  view,  of  method,  and  of 
procedure" ;  then  they  assembled  within  its  walls  to  listen  to 
the  Prime  Minister  of  Holland  welcome  them  in  the  name  of 
the  Royal  r.nvernment.  During  the  beautiful  ceremonies  of 
the  opening  of  the  Peace  Palace,  Mr.  Carnegie  was  decorated 
with  the  ('.rand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  Orange-Nassau,  while 
the  church  hells  continued  to  ring. 

*See  Ridpath.    Courtesy  of  the  Review  of  Review  Co.,  New  York. 
t2  Ridpath,  Vol.  I,  page  203. 


The  President  of  the  Foundation  thanked  the  Queen  and 
Prince  Henry  for  their  presence.  Turning  to  Mr.  Carnegie, 
he  said:  "You  stand  before  the  whole  civilized  world,  before 
the  forty-two  States  affiliated  with  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration  before  the  Sovereign  of  this  country  that  became 
the  seat  of  this  world  institution.  Coupled  with  the  Court  of 
Arbitration,  your  name  will  pass  to  posterity  as  the  founder  of 
Temple  of  Peace.  May  the  God  of  War  never  enter  it." 

The  Queen  of  Holland's  birthday  was  celebrated  September 
1st,  1915,  by  Hollanders  gathered  from  all  parts  of  California. 
Queen  Wilhelmina  is  the  Fairy  Queen  in  the  imagination  dur 
ing  this  awful  European  war. 

PART  II. 
ITALY  AGAIN 

HE  WAS  BUSY  REMAKING  ITALY. 

THESE  ARE  SUFFICIENT  TO  GUIDE  ONE,  BUT  NOT  TO  CHEER  ONE. 
HARKEN,  THAT  is  MY  FAVORITE  ANTHEM. 

AND  PRAYERS   FOR   THE   WELFARE  OF   THE   COUNTRIES   WILL   BE 
OFFERED. 

0 

PART  II. — Italy  Again. 

Our  young  friends,  the  Italian  and  the  German,  were  mar 
ried  at  Florence,  where  Fraulein  Caspar  had  studied  art  to 
great  advantage.  She  had  good  feeling  for  classical  antiquity 
and  understood  the  literary  side  of  the  Graeco-Roman  culture 
as  well  as  the  artistic.  The  renaissance  meant  to  her  a  refor 
mation,  while  she  believed  that  the  characteristic  side  of  the 
Italian  renaissance  was  painting. 

They  took  a  trip  to  America  at  a  time  when  Italy  was  very 
restless,  for  she,  like  other  European  nations,  was  making  an 
other  effort  toward  independence.  Casterina  believed  that  all 
life  is  continuous  evolution.  Nothing  in  the  past  of  nations  is 
lost.  The  present  is  only  the  outcome  of  the  past.  His  wife 
believed  that  the  Italians  were  always  gifted;  but  that  there 
was  too  much  apathy  among  them  toward  vital  subjects. 

Both  Casterina  and  his  wife  corresponded  with  Italian  and 
German  papers  and  periodicals  while  in  America. 

"How  do  the  people  in  Italy  contrive  to  support  their  decad 
ence?"  asked  an  ignorant  and  impertinent  American  one  day. 

"Through  nonchalance,  I  suppose  you  think.  What  would 
Count  Cavour  have  said  to  that?"  he  asked  his  wife. 

"He  was  too  busy  remaking  Italy,"  she  said,  "to  listen  to 
such  idle  questions,  even  from  foreigners." 


"Italy  is  a  great  nation"  and  "the  only  great  nation  in  Ku- 
rope,"  they  claim,  "not  by  conquest  but  by  consent."     Railroads 
have  been  built  ;  tin-  Alps  have  been  tunneled  ;  Campania  i; 
more  healthy;  ignorance  and  immorality  in  the  Southern  pen 
insula  largely  overcome  by  the  public   system  of  education." 

Casterina  and  his  wife  were  one  day  wandering  about  among 
the  churches — St.  Peter's  among  others.  The  big  doors  of  a 
side  chapel  swung  open;  the  choir  appeared  in  all  IN  gorgeous 
array,  marching  to  the  music  of  the  silver  trump. 

"Ah  !  this  arouses  one's  inspiration,  doesn't  it,"  she  exclaimed. 

"It  throws  me  into  a  meditative  mood;  I  begin  to  question, 
Did  the  lowly  Christ  desire  it?  Is  it  right?  From  whence  does 
its  influence  come?  Whither  does  it  go?" 

"Hush !  do  not  talk  so  much ;  someone  will  hear  you." 

"Observed  in  this  big  church?  We  are  nothing  more  than 
mice  here  at  the  base  of  this  big  pillar  where  we  rest.  Mark 
my  words,  when  that  procession  passes  here  not  one  will  ob 
serve  us." 

Just  then  a  sweeping  figure  moved  slowly  by.  "I  am  dis 
tressed  for  thee,  my  brother  Jonathan ;  very  pleasant  hast  thou 
been  unto  me ;  thy  love  to  me  was  wonderful,  passing  the  love 
of  women."  Swifter  than  an  eagle  and  apparently  stronger 
than  a  lion,  this  friend  disappeared  from  Casterina's  side  as 
out  through  the  church  portals  he  flew  with  great  haste. 

Casterina's  rich  dark  eyes  lighted  up  with  a  southern  glow. 
Both  he  and  his  wife  were  now  far  advanced  in  age.  "Clara," 
he  said  to  his  wife,  "the  walls  of  separation  between  people  of 
different  denominations  are  sure  to  be  broken  down.  Those  of 
the  world  who  are  living  so  fully  and  unreservedly  up  to  a  great 
trust,  who  are  so  resolute  in  their  convictions  and  belief,  as 
you  and  I,  will  be  called  upon  to  give  vivid  transcripts  of  per 
sonal  experiences  and  to  the  world  they  will  possess  the  fresh 
charm  of  improvisation." 

There  came  to  her  when  other  people  talked  to  her  in  this 
vague  way  something  dulled  and  discolored  as  rays  of  thought 
go  through  a  disturbing  medium  and  are  refracted ;  but  when 
Guiolano  talked,  something  divine  came  into  her  soul. 

"But  religious  rites  must  help  us,  dear.  Think  of  Christ 
how  he  was  misrepresented,  reviled,  and  opened  not  his  mouth. 
Hugo  Basis'  poem  might  also  teach  us." 

"These  are  sufficient  to  guide  one  but  not  to  cheer  one.  But 
there  is  a  future  for  all  souls  who  have  breathed  the  highest 
things  on  earth — struggling,  striving,  suffering — there  will  re 
sult  somehow  a  consciousness  of  tried  power,  of  calm  and  fer 
vent  hope  from  hard-earned  experiences." 

"Harken!  That  is  my  favorite  anthem  the  Pope's  choir  is 
chanting,"  she  said,  as  she  rose  to  leave  this  grand  church 


which  Michael  Angelo  and  Brunelleschi  put  together  with  their 
great  genius. 

"Out  into  the  air  once  more,"  he  said,  "away  from  sculpture, 
the  forms  and  conceptions  and  masses  of  ideas  which 
have  characterized  my  life  and  my  ambitions.  Let  us  go  to 
see  the  Guido  Reni's  Christ  on  Cross,  once  again.  'Naught  so 
observable  in  Rome/  the  poet  says,  'as  that.' 

"What  a  solace  our  work  has  been  to  us — our  books  and  pic 
tures  and  sculptures.  Do  you  really  think  you  will  get  that 
large  and  important  order  from  America  ?" 

"Yes,  I  believe  I  shall ;  but  we  must  exercise  so  much  pa 
tience,  Clara,  so  much  patience !  The  marbles  in  the  corridors 
of  the  great  Peace  Palace  at  The  Hague  are  to  be  the  gift  of 
Italy.  I  am  one  of  the  committee  to  select  them ." 

"Oh !  do  I  beseech  you  let  me  go  with  you  when  you  select 
them.  How  ideal  would  be  the  experience." 

They  had  wandered  far  and  wide  on  this  evening,  the  noc 
turnal  blues,  and  even  the  larches,  were  still  discernible.  "We 
will  go  to  Holland  when  the  great  Palace  is  opened  next  year. 
You  and  I,  Clara,  you  my  dear,  may  then  witness  the  great 
iron  gates  presented  by  your  country,  Germany,  swing  open ; 
and  hear  the  great  clock  strike,  which  Switzerland  is  to  give ; 
and  we  shall  see  men  of  all  nations  walk  arm  in  arm — the  Brit 
ish,  the  German,  the  Italian,  the  French,  and  even  the  Egyptian 
all  will  be  there  and  the  choir  is  to  sing  the  one  hundred  and 
thirty-eighth  Psalm  and  the  Jubilate  Deo,  and  prayers  for  the 
welfare  of  the  countries  will  be  offered. 

"How  great  and  glorious  it  will  be,"  said  his  wife  as  her  eyes 
filled  with  tears. 

"This  is  a  transition  period  in  the  world's  history.  I  told  you 
denominationalism  will  be  broken  down  ;  the  grand  brotherhood 
is  expanding.  With  Christ  the  Prince  there  is  no  respecter  of 
nationalities  or  of  persons. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  ~ 

The  awful  and  tragic  incident  which  occurred  at  Serajevo, 
in  Bosnia,  and  which  served  as  the  pretext  for  the  terrific  war 
of  the  nations,  which  has  horrified  the  world,  was  almost  in 
hearing  distance  of  the  old  Italian  Guiolano  Casterina  and  Clara, 
his  wife.  "Hark !"  he  cried,  "it  is  the  Slavic  tide  turning  in  the 
direction  of  southern  and  southeastern  Europe — with  the  Krupp 
missiles  soon  to  let  loose.  Mark  my  word,  Russia,  with  her 
hundred  and  sixty  millions  of  people,  are  stirred !" 

"And  will  Italy  also  be  stirred,"  asked  the  trembling  old  wife 
of  Guiolano  Casterina. 

"Ask  me  no  more,  Clara.  I  know  not,  but  as  the  art  world 
has  searched  with  intense  interest  of  the  Mona  Lisa,  when  she 
was  supposed  to  be  lost  or  stolen,  so  the  political  world  will 


search  closely  the  motives  of  all  of  this.  They  may  try  to 
sound  notes  of  optimism  for  the  future  of  Europe,  but,  mark 
my  word,"  he  repeated,  "neither  the  Pope's  entreaties  nor  the 
prayers  and  supplications  of  the  church  will  prevent  the  Italian 

people  from  going  into  a  war  if  it  comes ." 

"And  what  will  it  all  be  for?"  she  exclaimed.  "Ah!  the 
beautiful  Peace  Palace  at  The  Hague  that  we  have  left  behind. 
Are  Germany  and  Italy  friends  now?  Ah,  Guiolano,  let  us 
pray  our  Heavenly  Father  to  control  His  world.  Oh !  must  it 
come?  What  do  you  think?  The  church  is  opposed  to  war, 
is  pacifist.  She  remains  neutral  in  the  midst  of  belligerents, 
doesn't  she?" 

******* 

Guiolano  Casterina  and  his  German  wife,  Clara,  did  not  live 
until  September  2d,  1915,  to  read  the  headline  in  the  papers 
to  the  effect  that  the  Pope's  hope  to  bring  about  peace  in  Eu 
rope  through  cooperation  with  the  heads  of  neutral  govern 
ments  which  was  discussed  by  Cardinal  Gibbons  with  the 
President  of  the  United  States ;  and  also  the  great  news  that 
peace  with  Germany  is  at  last  may  be  assured  to  the  United 
States. 

PART  II. 
RUSSIA 

YOUR  DUMA  AND  THE  COUNCIL  OF  THE  EMPIRE. 
SOLDIERS  CAN  TUG  ON  THROUGH   MUD  FACING  FIELD  ct 

IN  THE  CITIES  AND  TOWNS  WE  ARE  ALLOWED  ONE  ELECTOR  FOR 
EVERY  4,000. 

PART  II. — Russia  Again. 

While  the  Baroness  von  Siittner's  book  Lay  Down  Your 
Arms  was  being  read  in  Russia  the  Grand  Duke  Constantine 
who  died  recently  at  the  age  of  fifty-seven  at  Petrograd  is 
said  to  have  been  influenced  by  an  American  woman's  appeal 
on  a  different  subject.  As  President  of  the  Imperial  Academy 
of  Science,  Head  of  the  Department  of  Military  Schools,  and, 
strange  to  say,  also  President  of  the  All-Russian  Union  of 
Christian  working  men,  the  Grand  Duke  had  for  years  labored 
to  find  some  solution  to  the  Vodka  problem.  To  overthrow 
this  from  a  precipitous  height  of  nine  thousand  prejudices, 
like  the  nine  thousand  rugged  feet  of  the  High  Tatra,  as  the 
Russians  call  the  western  portion  of  the  Carpathian  Mountains, 
was  indeed  a  herculean  task  before  which  he  hoped  to  see 
accomplished  forever  since  he  met  the  handsome  and  clever 
American  women  from  the  South,  who  travelled  far  into  Rus 
sia  to  carry  the  message  with  which  her  life  and  conscience 


was  imbued,  he  had  pondered  over  this  subject  in  a  masterful 
way.  "Equally  hard  problems  were  being  solved  elsewhere, 
why  not  in  Russia  ?"  he  would  say  to  the  Czar. 

The  American  woman  had  lived  through  the  Civil  War,  had 
written  a  book  which  went  through  eleven  editions,  had  trav 
elled  to  Russia  all  alone,  had  related  to  Count  Tolstoi  the  tragic 
details  of  her  experience  through  the  Civil  War.  Arriving  at 
his  house  one  day,  having  been  driven  there  by  an  oxen  team, 
stopping  on  her  way  to  talk  to  some  peasants,  halting  to  watch 
a  dance  at  the  foot  of  some  mountain  range  or  encountering 
a  Magyar  woman  in  red  headgear  and  red  skirt  and  blue  apron 
coming  from  a  straw  thatched  cottage,  she  had  ventured  to 
say  to  one  of  them :  "Your  Duma  and  the  Council  of  the  Em 
pire  will  soon  sign  a  manifesto  for  freedom  of  speech,  and 
then  you  peasants  can  tell  the  travelers  about  your  troubles." 

She  looked  with  a  vacant  stare  at  the  American  woman  and 
asked :  "What  is  the  Duma,  anyhow  ?  Is  it  them  rich  people 
who  stand  around  the  Czar?" 

The  Southern  woman  realized  she  might  as  well  talk  to  a 
sign  board  as  to  the  poor  peasant  woman,  so  she  turned  her 
attention  to  the  next  laboring  man  she  saw  along  the  roadside. 
"Can  you  tell  me  where  Count  Tolstoi  lives?"  she  asked. 

"Yes,"  he  quickly  replied,  "that  is  all  we  peasants  know.  Up 
there,"  said  he,  as  he  pointed  in  the  distance  to  a  habitation. 

"The  Czar  so  high  and  heaven  so  far!"  he  exclaimed,  waving 
his  hand  toward  the  sky,  "give  us  some  bright  ribbons,  lady,  we 
will  have  a  dance  tonight." 

"I'll  give  you  some  money,"  she  said,  "if  you  won't  spend  it 
for  vodka.  Never  mind,  after  awhile  Russia  will  get  egress 
from  the  Black  Sea  to  the  Mediterranean  and  then  on  the 
beautiful  Adriatic  Sea  there  will  be  a  Slav  protectorate,  they 
tell  me." 

"Know  nothing  about  it,"  said  the  man. 

"But  if  ever  a  French  revolution  comes,  poor  soul,"  she 
said  to  herself,  "you  will  have  to  know  something  about  it. 
But  now  go  trudging  on  through  the  mud  as  the  Russian 
soldiers  face  the  field  guns,  regardless  of  principles  of  right 
and  justice  for  the  time  being.  Russia  will  gain  its  bureau 
cratic  and  conservative  balance  somehow  and  the  autocratic 
Czar  and  the  half  million  noblemen  will  manage  for  the  best 
for  the  present." 

The  Southern  woman  met  not  only  these  peasants  and  Count 
Tolstoi  and  the  Grand  Duke  Constantine  through  a  member 
of  the  All-Russian  Union  of  Christian  working  men,  of  which, 
as  we  have  already  said,  he  was  President,  but  she  met  another 
titled  man  who  declared  that  Russians  had  a  heart  and  a  soul 
and  were  a  God-seeking  people,  and  that  the  Czar  will  yet  see 
the  spiritual  regeneration  of  Europe  if  he  persists  in  his  course. 


"You  may  believe,"  said  another  American  woman  from  the 
South,  a  very  different  type  indeed  from  the  one  already  de 
scribed,  "that  my  friend  is  perfectly  correct  and  highly  in 
formed  and  knows  the  Czar  at  Court." 

"They  are  good  people  at   heart,  always   ready  to  help  the 
suffering  Armenians,"  she  said.     "They  have  ideals  and  the 
r  can  summon  the  great  Slavonic  host  to  his  side  at  any 
moment." 

"Well,  I  must  confess — their  political  policies  are  hard  to 
understand  ;  the  Germans  like  order  and  self-control ;  that  I  can 
understand.  The  Czar  promises,  but  does  he  fulfill?  The  Im 
perial  Court,  the  Imperial  family,  wars,  martial  law,  control  of 
the  Cossacks,  the  power  of  Parliament  over  the  Budget,  they  tell 
me,  he  and  his  nobles  control.* 

"I  am  a  property  owner,  Madam,"  said  the  Count,  "and  also 
a  business  man,  although  titled.  In  the  cities  and  town 
are  allowed  one  elector  for  every  4,000  while  the  agricultural 
peasant,  comprising  nearly  eighty  per  cent  of  the  whole  popu 
lation,  is  given  one  elector  for  every  3,000  of  their  numlier. 
Artisans  and  factory  operatives  who  are  socialistic  in  their 
political  views  are  limited  to  one  elector  for  every  90,000."* 

"It  is  certainly  very  generous  of  you  to  give  me  these  fig 
ures,"  said  she.  "But  of  what  earthly  use  can  they  be  to  an 
American  woman,  born  in  the  South.  My  friend  here  is  a 
dreamer  and  idealist ;  she  cares  for  nothing  of  the  kind.  The 
romance  of  life  is  what  interests  her  and  that  is  why  we  are 
to  be  married  soon  and  go  to  America." 

"Some  day,"  said  the  woman  who  was  so  deadly  in  earnest 
about  the  abolition  of  vodka,  replied,  "the  Grand  Duke  Con- 
stantine  predicts  he  can  in  course  of  time  influence  the  Czar 
to  have  this  deadly  poison  eradicated  from  Russian  homes 
when  that  comes  to  pass  Russia  will  save  $900,- 
000,000  by  its  prohibitory  law." 

These  people  sailed  on  the  same  steamer  for  America.  Soon 
after  their  arrival  the  war  cry  went  forth — IVtrnijrad — \Yar- 

!     Prince  Leopold  of  Bavaria  had  led  his  victorious  tr< 
into  Poland's  ancient  capital.     With   Warsaw  captured.   Ui^a 
falling  and  possibly  other  of  the  I'.altic  provinces,  the  Austro- 
German  onslaught   has  caused   the   work   of   women   like  the 
oness  von    Siittner,  who  plead    for  peace  and   arbitration 
in  her  book   Lav  Down    Your  Arms,  the  American   Southern 
philanthropist   7^/v  Down    Your  Vodka,  to   feel  as  the  young 
Aml»a<ador.  Count   Broglie.  is  described  to  have   felt  with  his 
;al   instructions   for  Poland  in     *     *     *     "full  of  trium 
phant  pathos." 

*Mr.  Kennan  in  The  Outlook.  July.   1915. 


PART  II. 

CHINA  AND  JAPAN 

THE  NATIONAL  THANKSGIVING  DAY  CAME  AROUND. 
IVORY  PAPER  CUTTERS,  EMBROIDERED  SILKS. 
HE  BETOOK  HIMSELF  ONCE  MORE  TO  HIS  TRACTS. 

"WE  ARE  A  GOOD,   INTELLIGENT  AND  HAPPY   PEOPLE/'   HE   SAID. 

0 

PART  II. — China  and  Japan. 

On  the  4th  day  of  July,  1831,  President  Monroe  died,  but 
today  it  is  asserted  that  the  Monroe  Doctrine  lives  in  the 
Asiatic  world  as  in  America.  Many  have  feared  that  Japan 
would  come  forth  "with  warlike  proceedings"  as  a  peace  advo 
cate  expresses  it,  "like  a  flash,"  as  did  other  countries  in  this 
European  war.  Just  what  the  Asiatic  world  is  contemplating 
toward  the  great  powers  and  toward  herself  is  even  difficult 
for  missionaries  and  diplomats  to  surmise  with  certainty.  In 
1854  the  United  States  and  Japan  completed  a  treaty  between 
them  for  the  privileges  of  commercial  exchanges,  conceded  to 
America  merchant  vessels  and  two  ports  of  entry  were  opened. 
Since  that  time  many  peculiarities  of  the  Japanese  civilization 
have  disappeared.  The  young  men  who  came  to  our  univer 
sities  to  be  educated  impressed  their  teachers  with  their  alert 
ness  of  mind.  Whether  they  have  the  heart  and  soul  to 
believe  "that  life  in  spite  of  all  appearances  is  worth  living 
and  there  is  love  and  goodness  at  the  heart  of  things."  In 
other  words,  whether  it  is  difficult  for  them  to  have  faith,  their 
religious  teachers  tell  us,  they  cannot  quite  discover.  But 
they  are  eager  to  learn,  and  apparently  they  are  buoyant 
and  severe  amidst  all  the  changes  and  chances  of  the  twen 
tieth-century  civilization.  In  their  art  they  know  how  to  con 
centrate  and  how  to  eliminate ;  their  manual  skill,  as  everyone 
knows,  is  faultless,  their  sense  of  color  fine! — but  where  is 
the  soul  which  one  finds  in  European  art.  Possibly  those  who 
know  them  well  could  see  in  their  bronzes  and  ivory  carv 
ings  and  lacquer  work  much  spiritual  meaning  which  others 
would  not  interrupt.  At  the  Kioto  Imperial  University  a 
young  Viscount  was  urged  by  an  American  friend  to  come 
to  this  country  and  take  an  advanced  degree  under  a  very 
learned  professor.  "The  diplomatic  problems  of  the  Far 
East,  as  we  are  apt  to  speak  of  all  people  of  the  Mongolian 
Race,  are  at  times  most  difficult  for  us  to  understand,"  said 
his  American  friend ;  "you  will  interest  your  professors." 
The  Japanese  looked  wise  but  said  nothing.  Presently  he  re 
marked  :  "The  missionaries  labor  hard  to  explain  to  us  what 
they  call  the  vital  principles  of  Christianity,  but  sometimes 
I  think  our  minds  are  harassed  rather  than  comforted  by  the 


doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  The  wandering  people  north  of  the 
great  ranges  of  the  Himalayas  sometimes  are  more  grateful 
than  we  to  those  Mlf-MCrificmg  missionaries  Pundita  Rama- 
lii.  from  India,  for  instance,  the  most  scholarly  woman  in 
India.  I  must  tell  you  what  she  said  when  she  came  to 
America.  "You  tell  me  and  point  out  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
the  Kpiscopal  Church,  the  Methodist  Church,  the  Baptist 
Church — where  is  the  Church  of  the  Christ'" 

The  Japanese  said:  "Poor  Ramabi !  She  has  worked  for 
five  years  on  a  translation  of  the  Bible  and  at  present  has  fifty 
assistants.  Denominations  are  hard  for  our  people  to  under 
stand,  so  1  am  not  surprised  that  she  was  troubled." 

This  Japanese  Viscount  came  to  America.  The  National 
Thanksgiving  Day  came  around.  He  was  invited,  with  other 
students  who  were  taking  advanced  degrees,  to  the  home  of 
one  of  his  professors  to  dine,  to  partake  of  the  great  American 
turkey.  He  arrived  just  at  the  right  moment,  faultK 
dressed,  showed  fine  manners  and  had  the  very  best  conver 
sation,  hut  every  time  a  new  course  was  offered  he  would 
turn  to  his  hostess  and  ask  if  he  could  he  helped  to  rice  attain. 
Fortunately  the  hostess,  at  the  suggestion  of  her  thoughtful 
husband,  provided  an  abundance  of  rice.  Just  as  the  guests 
rose  from  the  table  the  door  bell  rang  and  a  large  basket 
set  inside  the  hall.  The  Viscount  asked  his  host  if  this 
could  be  carried  to  the  drawing  room.  When  all  were  seated 
he  opened  these  various  packages  containing  ivory  paper  cut 
ters,  embroidered  silks,  dainty  pieces  of  lacquer  ware.  "It 
is  our  custom,"  he  said,  bowing  to  his  professor  and  his  wife, 
"when  we  are  entertained  by  strangers  and  such  hospitality 
as  you  have  given  me  today,  to  bring  gifts  as  recognition  of 
your  kindness."  Then  he  entertained  all  the  company  by 
relating  the  story  of  the  wedding  journey  of  his  sister  which 
la -ted  two  weeks  and  every  place  they  stopped  they  had  to 
gi\e  costly  presents  which  almost  impoverished  his  father. 

Ah!  you  Japanese  know  what  you  are  about,"  said  the 
professor  laughing.  "You  are  clear-headed  and  strong  and 
determined  to  seek  the  truth  in  all  directions,  and  learn  justice 
and  love  to  your  neighbors,  so  that  your  young  people  will 
be  inspired  as  we  Americans  are  with  our  ideals." 

******* 

Twenty  years  have  passed  since  the  Thanksgiving  Dinner. 
In  all  these  years  to  our  certain  knowledge  Japan  has  been 
luiying  war  supplies  from  Germany,  filling  up  arsenals,  looking 
ahead,  and  now,  August  20,  1915,  she  decides  to  assist  Russia 
by  increasing  her  output  of  war  munitions.  From  Petrograd 
comes  the  news  that  Japan  is  preparing  to  mobilize  her  entire 
industrial  resources  for  this  purpose. 


CHINA. 

Although  the  Republic  of  China,  it  is  supposed,  will  soon 
revert  to  a  Monarchy,  yet  we  Americans  will  never  cease  to 
feel  an  intense  interest  in  all  facts  concerning  China.  In 
the  year  1873  one  hundred  and  twenty  Chinese  lads  of  the 
best  families  were  sent  to  America  to  be  educated.  Tsai 
Ting  Kan  spent  nine  years  in  America,  so  we  are  told  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Loomis.  He  became  a  convert  to  Christianity  and 
was  very  happy  until  his  wife  and  children  died  from  plague 
in  1903,  where  he  had  served  his  own  country  in  war.  This 
caused  him  to  lose  his  faith ;  he  became  a  skeptic,  but  after 
ward  in  meeting  Rev.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Loomis  in  Pekin,  he  told 
them  "he  had  again  found  faith.  Religion  should  enable  us 
to  bear  with  fortitude  the  trials  of  life,"  he  declared,  "was 
what  it  must  stand  for." 

\Yhen  we  remember  that  China  contains  twice  the  area  of 
the  United  States,  and  that  she  is  almost  Christianized,  it 
recalls  the  small  beginnings.  In  1833  a  young  Chinese  took  a 
tract  handed  him  by  a  tract  distributer  on  the  streets  of 
China,  and  when  he  fell  ill  dreamed  he  saw  an  old  man,  who 
said  to  him :  I  am  the  Creator  of  all  things.  Six  years  later 
the  English  entered  the  River  of  Canton,  took  the  Chinese 
forts,  this  young  Chinaman  was  afraid,  as  all  were.  He 
hunted  up  his  tracts  and  became  a  sincere  believer  in  Christ 
in  a  fashion  of  his  own.  God  was  the  Creator,  Jesus  was  the 
elder  brother  and  heavenly  teacher  of  mankind.  Idolatry  was 
to  be  overthrown,  virtue  practiced.  He  accepted  his  mission, 
made  many  converts,  formed  a  Society  called  God-worshipers. 
Confuscius  was  renounced.  They  baptized  themselves,  cured 
the  sick  by  prayer.  In  1850  this  movement  assumed  a  political 
form.  An  insurrection  arose.  These  people  had  faith  in  the 
Bible,  the  Sabbath  was  kept ;  three  cups  of  tea  put  on  the 
altar  as  an  offering  to  the  Trinity ;  they  celebrated  the  com 
munion  once  a  month;  they  believed  in  baptism  and  confes 
sion  of  sins. 

The  history  of  the  revolution  by  Ti-Ping.  What  a  wonder 
ful  story  this  is.  ^ — 

Recently  a  speaker  from  the  heart  of  Asia  talked  to  a  New 
York  house:  "Peace  is  light;  war  is  darkness.  Peace  is  life; 
war  is  death.  Peace  is  guidance ;  war  is  misguidance.  Peace 
and  amity  are  factors  of  existence ;  war  is  decomposition  or 
lack  of  existence.  To  educate  public  opinion  and  bring  influ 
ence  to  bear  upon  our  national  life  upon  this  subject  will 
be  one  of  our  future  missions.  That  and  making  ourselves 
a  Republic! 


Cheer  after  cheer  went  up.  "We  are  a  good,  intelligent, 
and  happy  people,  amiable  and  kind  and  hospitable.  Also 
Christians  and  Republicans,"  continued  the  speaker. 

At  the  International  Immigration  Congress  Kee  Owyang, 
Chinese  Commissioner  to  the  Panama  Exposition,  said  the 
United  States  is  the  only  one  of  the  great  powers  which  has  not 
abused  China — for  commercial  gain.  But  naturally  he  found 
fault  with  the  operation  of  the  Chinese  Exclusion  Act.  It  is 
"unjust  and  a  breach  of  treaty,"  and  the  only  cause  of  friction 
between  the  two  countries.  (Press  communication.) 

Here  is  a  Chinese  student's  summary  of  the  war's  causes, 
as  published  in  a  Shanghai  paper:  "Now  there  is  a  great  battle 
in  Europe.  This  began  because  the  Prince  of  Austria  went  to 
Serbia  with  his  wife.  One  man  of  Serbia  killed  him.  Austria 
was  angry,  and  so  write  Serbia.  Germany  write  a  letter  to 
Austria,  'I  will  help  you.'  Russia  write  a  letter  to  Serbia,  'I 
will  help  you.'  France  did  not  want  to  fight,  but  they  got 
ready  their  soldiers.  Germany  write  a  letter  to  France,  'You 
don't  get  ready,  or  I  will  fight  you  in  nine  hours.'  Germany, 
to  fight  them,  pass  Belgium.  Belgium  say,  'I  am  a  country; 
I  am  NOT  a  road.'  And  Belgium  write  a  letter  to  England 
about  Germany,  to  help  them.  So  England  help  Belgium." 
Who  can  do  better  in  the  same  space  ?•" 

PART  II. 
SOUTH  AMERICA 

THE  ELECTRIC   SPLENDOR  UPON  THE   MARBLE  STEPS  OF  THE 

PAN-AMERICAN  BUILDING. 
THEY  WERE  THE  PEOPLE  FROM  BRAZIL,  PERU  AND  CHILE. 

TEN   YEARS  AGO  HOW   WAS  IT? 

"*      *      *      THE   HIGHEST  DEGREE  OF   PERFECTION   IN    SOCIETY." 
"*      *      *      OUR  RELATIONS  UPON  A  BASIS  OF  TRUE  AND  HONOR 
ABLE   UNDERSTANDING." 


PART  II. — South  America. 

It  was  a  very  dark  night,  but  the  electricity  throughout  the 
City  of  Washington  dissipated  the  gloom  and  blazed  forth 
in  unusual  splendor  over  the  broad  marble  steps  of  the  Pan- 
American  Building — while  the  fountain  to  the  right  of  the 
entrance,  gift  of  a  multi-milionaire  (a  woman),  sent  forth 
its  prismatic  hues  in  a  dazzling  beauty  in  all  directions. 

The  ladies  attending  the  exercises  announced  for  that  even 
ing  held  on  to  the  arms  of  their  escorts,  and  lingered  about 
the  fountain  in  animated  conversation,  praising  the  mind  that 

*James  Freeman  Clarke,  The  Ten  Great  Religions.  James  R.  Osgood 
&  Co.,  Boston. 


conceived  this  plan  of  having  for  the  South  American  people, 
during  their  visits  to  Washington,  this  beautiful  and  splendid 
hall,  where  could  convene  their  great  men  as  well  as  our  own 
in  mutual  interests  and  debate.  "How  much  this  has  helped," 
remarked  one  of  this  party,  "to  overcome  the  prejudice  which 
writers  and  travelers  harp  so  often  about  the  people  in  South 
America  who  entertain  or  think  that  our  government  or  the 
big  North  Country,  as  they  call  it,  is  determined  to  injure  their 
prospects." 

"Ah!  there's  nothing  in  that,"  exclaimed  one  of  the  men, 
"just  the  British  and  German  trade  merchants,  always  telling 
them  to  give  their  commerce  and  railroads  to  them,  for  they 
say :  "You  know  we  cannot  conquer  your  territory,  but  watch 
out  for  Uncle  Sam."  I've  heard  this  talk,  but  the  South 
American  is  getting  his  eyes  opened  and  while  the  Mexican 
war  and  the  Spanish-American  war  with  its  conquest  of  Porto 
Rico  and  its  Cuban  protectorate,  and  later  only  Panama  seized, 
you  can't  wonder  they  were  suspicious.  Hush !  there  come  a 
lot  of  them  now,  and  Mr.  Root  and  Mr.  Bryce  are  with  them. 
Do  you  see?" 

"We  are  not  so  early  after  all.  Come,  let  us  go  upstairs 
immediately." 

"Ah !  how  beautiful  these  upper  corridors  are — all  hung  with 
banners.  How  fine!" 

"But  let  us  go  and  get  seats  and  watch  the  audience  assem 
ble." 

Just  then  some  very  elegantly-attired  people  arrived  clad 
in  velvets  and  laces,  gems  and  jewels — wealthy  people  from 
Brazil  and  Peru  and  Chile,  we  were  told,  stopping  with  the 
Brazilian  Ambassador. 

The  speaker  began  by  telling  the  audience  why  they  were 
assembled  on  this  particular  evening,  and  how  the  United 
States  was  fast  taking  on  the  Latin-American  trade.  Statistics 
prepared  by  the  National  City  Bank,  of  New  York,  show  that 
not  alone  South  but  also  Central  America  is  busy  with  ex 
ports  and  imports — Argentina,  Brazil,  Santo  Domingo,  Cuba, 
Venezuela,  Peru,  Colombia,  Uruguay,  Chile — all  owing  to 
the  Pan-American  Conference  and  the  visits  of  Mr.  Root, 
Mr.  Knox,  Mr.  Bryan,  Ex-President  Roosevelt,  Mr.  Burton, 
etc.  "How  charming,"  exclaimed  the  speaker,  "to  refer  to 
the  facts  before  this  interested  audience  in  this  splendid, 
cheerful  building.  This  is  indeed  twentieth-century  progress 
and  good  will  and  peace  on  earth.  The  Christ  of  the  Andes, 
with  His  all-transcendant  love,  will  yet  preside  over  the 
nations  as  He  does  between  Chile  and  Argentina.  'Sooner  shall 
these  mountains  crumble  into  dust,  than  Argentines  and  Chilians 
break  the  peace  which  at  the  feet  of  Christ  the  Redeemed, 


they  have  sworn  to  maintain.'  Would  that  such  a  sentiment 
might  be  engraved  as  a  landmark  between  the  belligerent 
nations  who  arc  wasting  the  blood  of  their  youth  and  man 
hood  in  horrible  wars." 

The  following  conversation  took  place  between  an  American 
woman  and  a  Brazilian,  who  were  afterward  married. 

"Oh !  yes,  indeed,  I  like  you  and  admire  you,  but  I  do  not 
like  your  work." 

'Then  you  need  not  like  me,"  he  said;  "my  work  is  myself. 
We  are  far  more  cultured  and  scientific  and  intellectual  than 

M 

"And  sensitive !"  she  added. 

"Than  you  Americans,  but  many  times  you  have  sent  your 
criminal  classes  to  our  shores,  and  yet  Columbus  discovered 
America  and  he  was  a  Spaniard,  and  Spain  was  once  the  rich 
est  of  modern  countries — billions  of  gold  were  carried  to  her 
from  Peru,  where  the  temples  were  lined  with  gold." 

"I  think  as  Americans,"  she  said,  "we  fully  appreciate 
Columbus.  His  statue  is  soon  to  be  unveiled  here  in  Wash 
ington,  you  know,  and  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  languages 
are  studied  in  all  of  our  universities,  and  I  hear  they  are 
establishing  scholarships  for  South  America  for  South  Ameri 
can  young  men  who  cannot  support  themselves ." 

"Why  need  they  do  that?"  he  answered;  "we  are  a  proud, 
strong,  wealthy,  self-conscious  nation;  all  we  ask  is  interna 
tional  honesty  and  fair  dealing." 

"And  you  might  add,"  she  remarked,  for  she  also  was 
spirited  and  angry  and  ruffed,  "the  knowledge  of  religion  of 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  the  Bible.  I've  been  told  your 
newspapers  publish  Bible  stories  and  your  statesmen  say  to 
the  editors :  That  was  a  good  story ;  where  did  you  get  it  ? 

Religious  literature  is  needed  and  a  standard  of  high  morals 
^___  •• 

"There!"  he  exclaimed,  "that  is  enough.  What  about  the 
conduct  of  your  sailors  and  consuls  and  grafters  who  only  a 
few  years  ago  were  sent  to  us?"  "When  we  want  to  know 
about  mercantile  or  international  law  we  always  go  to  the 
British.  In  1914  we  thought  we  would  accept  a  German 
alliance  or  the  aid  of  the  Japanese  arms  to  save  ourselves 
from  the  Americans  of  the  North  and  Yankee  Imperialism." 

"When  we  want  t94^iow  about  mercantile  or  international 
law  we  always  go  to  th\  British.  In  1!»1  1  we  thought  we 
would  accept  a  German  alliance  or  the  aid  of  the  Japanese 
arms  to  save  ourselves  from  the  Americans  of  the  North  and 
Yankee  Imperialism." 


"What  on  earth  are  you  two  quarreling  about?"  asked  their 
friend,  as  they  walked  leisurely  back  to  their  lodging  places 
after  the  meeting  described  above. 

Neither  of  them  answered.  It  was  a  deeper  quarrel  than 
had  appeared  and  a  deeper  interest. 

"We  had  Tetrazinni  in  Brazil  lately,"  said  the  South 
American,  "and  we  threw  our  jewels  at  her  feet — divine 
singer.  We  lead  in  taste  for  music  and  in  selection  of  Worth's 
gowns  for  our  women  as  'in  many  important  things.'  " 

"Unsanitary  conditions  and  the  Panama  incident  are  all  you 
need  leadership  about."  "In  the  price  of  wheat  and  beef, 
coffee  and  rubber,  and  the  race  track,  the  most  recent  French 
novels,  etc." 

"In  culture  and  education,  commerce  and  finance,  how 
superior  Europe  is  to  America !"  he  exclaimed. 

"Here,  let  us  make  up  and  stop  this  wrangling — South 
America  has  a  great  future!  her  latent  wealth,  the  kind  and 
sympathetic  disposition  of  her  people,  their  genius,  will  soon 
tell  upon  the  world,  and  the  floral  offerings  they  sent  a  White 
House  bride  not  long  since  showed  fine  and  beautiful  senti 
ment. 

"And  now,"  she  said,  "being  over  our  quarrel  and  thoroughly 
convinced  of  sublime  friendship,  let  trust  and  security  be 
established  with  us,  as  it  should  be  understood  by  our  nations." 

TURKEY  AND  THE  BALKANS 
PART  II. 

"To  CONFISCATE  ALL  ITS  MEANS  OF  PROPAGANDA/' 

THE  BITTERNESS.    THE  INJUSTICE. 

FROM  BEIRUT  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  FACULTY  OF  THE 
SYRIAN  PROTESTANT  COLLEGE. 


PART  II. — Turkey  and  the  Balkans. 

The  event  of  the  summer  of  1914  took  the  world  at  large  by 
surprise.  As  to  the  opinions,  intentions  and  preparations  of 
the  Admiralty  and  the  Foreign  Office — people  in  several  coun 
tries.  Many  people  believe  they  were  waiting  for  an  oppor 
tune  moment,  a  sufficient  pretext,  a  just  motive,  for  going 
to  war — yet  as  bodies  or  organizations  such  as  standing  armies 
and  navies,  the  mechanical  preparedness  was  all  they  had 
to  be  concerned  about,  since  they  were  soldiers  at  heart — most 
of  them — and  believed  that  might  was  right.  Or  as  all  the 
German  Reichstag  and  the  English  Parliament  and  the  Rus 
sian  Duma  and  Council  of  the  Empire  had  to  concern  them 
selves  about  was  the  money  loans  and  supplies. 


The  greatest  responsibility,  therefore,  fell  upon  the  Czar,  the 
Kmperor  of  Germany,  the  King  of  England,  the  the  President 
of  France.  Within  the  confines  of  Servia  tin-  work  which 
aroused  the  nations  was  accomplished. 

To  dissolve  the  society  called  "Narodna  Odbrana,"  to  con 
fiscate  all  its  means  of  propaganda  and  to  proceed  in  the 
same  manner  against  the  other  societies  and  associations  in 
Serbia  which  are  giving  themselves  up  to  propaganda  against 
the  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy.  This,  among  other  re 
quests,  was  what  the  Royal  Government  demanded.  To  elimi 
nate,  to  dismiss,  to  proceed,  to  prevent,  to  give  explanation, 
to  advise,  etc.,  constituted  the  contents  of  the  note  relating 
to  the  results  of  the  investigation  opened  at  Serajevo,  which 
was  ordered  to  be  published  on  the  front  page  of  the  Servian 
Official  Journal,  dated  July  13-26. 

"After  all,"  she  said,  "it  is  the  Austrian  occupation  so  much 
talked  of  in  Berlin  after  the  great  Berlin  Conference  of  Dip 
lomats  in  1878 — the  bitterness,  the  inflamed  'soul  of  honor' — 
the  Bosnian  held  dear  to  his  heart  the  pride  of  self  and  country, 
the  trespass  of  boundary  and  occupation,  impalpable,  shadowy, 
unsubstantial,  until  the  dagger  or  implement  of  death  im 
parted  to  the  Grand  Duke  and  Duchess  the  final  blow." 

"'And  now  what?'  the  cry  that  went  forth  from  the  Rus 
sians  coming  upon  us  in  double  quick  time,  as  though  we  had 
not  enough  sorrow  to  bear !  France  and  England  to  help 
Russia,  and  Germany,  with  her  big  guns,  to  help  Austria's 
arms  and  ammunition.  Where  is  arbitration?  Where  is  diplo 
macy?  Where  is  peace?  Will  no  one  concede  the  principle 
upon  which  such  horrors  rest?  Does  fear  possess  the  world? 
There  is  a  common  enemy  or  the  world  massacre  could  never 
threaten  us.  International  Ties!  What  about  international 
anarchy?  What  about  distorted  consciences  and  want  of  air 
and  elbow  room?  What  about  health  and  salvation?  What 
about  international  order  and  law?  What  about  international 
conciliation  and  arbitration  ? 

Will  the  Serbian  Blue  Book  tell  you? 

Will  the  German  White  Book  inform  you? 

Will  the  English  Red  Book  impart  the  secret? 

Will  the  French  Yellow  Book  share  with  you  the  truth  ? 

Will  the  Red  Austrian  Book  bestow  the  awful  secret,  or 
the  Belgium  Gray  Book,  or  the  Italian  Green  Book? 

Will  "American  Verdict  on  the  W7ar"  settle  the  matter? — 
confer,  reveal,  the  unbiased  equitable  just  and  fair  answer, 
or  will  Siberia  give  us  some  hints,  or  the  Dardenelles  offer 
some  solution  for  the  basic  cause  of  this  titantic,  awful  war? 

"When  we  have  found  the  right,  then,"  in  the  words  of  our 
President,  "we  can  condemn  the  wrong." 


The  Turks  permit  the  Red  Cross  insignia  Christianities  to 
be  used  by  the  Red  Cross  Hospital  at  Beirut,  and  by  the 
medical  mission  which  the  Society  has  sent  from  Beirut  under 
the  direction  of  the  Faculty  of  the  Syrian  Protestant  College, 
to  accompany  the  Ottoman  expedition  into  Egypt.  But  their 
own  medical  corps  use  the  red  cresent. 

Ah!  if  they  will  only  learn  to  look  upon  the  Red  Cross,  not 
as  their  enemy,  but  as  their  salvation,  then  can  the  massacres 
in  Armenia  stop,  the  Russians  receive  their  due  amount  of 
thanks,  and  Turkey  can  compete  with  the  rest  of  the  world 
in  the  coming  of  peace  and  good  will,  joy  and  safety. 

James  Freeman  Clarke  says:  "The  Arabian  prophet's  work 
is  done.  It  is  a  hard,  cold,  cruel,  empty  faith  which  should 
give  way  to  the  forms  of  a  higher  civilization."  Its  military 
strength  has  heretofore  been  in  its  steady  and  remorseless 
character — but  even  that  can  be  changed  by  the  high  ideals 
of  the  twentieth  century. 

The  wonderful  advantage  in  representative  governments  or 
commonwealths  "which  are  governed,  not  steered,  which  issue 
orders  and  give  directions  for  the  common  good,"  is  that  if 
those  in  authority  make  mistakes  or  foster  evils,  the  people 
soon  find  out,  and  by  the  great  practical  questions  that  divide 
parties  the  system  of  rotation  in  office,  &c.,  they  bring  "the 
body  politic"  back  or  restore  it  to  its  original  conditions — 
unless,  indeed,  the  evils  have  taken  too  deep  root ! — but  even 
then,  with  God's  supreme  authority  over  all,  and  recognized 
by  the  people,  a  government  like  that  of  the  United  States 
can  always  recognize  its  vital  principles. 

May  our  Christianity  and  Nationality  help  to  strengthen,  not 
complicate,  INTERNATIONAL  TIES. 


Tuttle, 
MoArthur 


Internationa 


7S7659 

Mrs.   Mary 

(Thompson) 
1  ties 


95B 
T967 


787659 


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